Transcript Petroleum

Petroleum
Organic Chemistry
•Organic Chemistry Used to be
considered chemistry of living things (or
things that were once living… like
petroleum)
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C
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C
H
•Since it has been demonstrated that
organic compounds can be synthesized in
laboratories we now just say that Organic
chemistry is the Chemistry of
Hydrocarbon compounds
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BENZENE
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C
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O
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ETHANOL
•Examples: petroleum, medicines, plastics,
plants and animals…... (including YOU!!)
CH3
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O
H
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C
H
O2N
NO2
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ACETONE
NO2
2,4,6 - TRINITROTOULENE
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H
BUTANE
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•More than 90% of all known compounds contain Carbon
(although it accounts for only 0.2% of the earth’s crust
composition)
•Over 6,000,000 organic compounds have been identified –
and that number is increasing daily with the synthesis of
new compounds in labs
O
H2N
C
CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2
PROCAINE
•Hydrocarbons : simplest organic compounds containing
only C and H atoms with “Carbon backbones” that are
inherent to organic compounds
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PROPANE
BUTANE
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C
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METHANE
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OCTANE
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HOW DO YOU KNOW HOW C’s and H’s WILL GET
TOGETHER TO FORM HYDROCARBONS?
•The Octet Rule says that everybody (except H and He)
wants to have 8 outer shell electrons, Carbon has only 4
(it’s glass is both half empty and half full) – so instead
of giving or taking electrons (Ionic bonding) it SHARES
electrons – A.K.A Covalent Bonding forms Molecular
compounds – (organic stuff!)
• We write Lewis Dot Structures to show the sharing of
electrons, and thus formation of bonds between atoms in
Covalent compounds
•First get the number of outer shell electrons from the Group #
on Periodic table
•Arrange electrons (dots) so that there is one dot on each of 4
sides of elements symbol, only double them up as pairs when you
have more than 4
•On the sides of the symbol where there is only 1 electron you will
need to create a bond with another element to have a shared pair
of electrons
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• When Carbon shares electrons to fulfill it’s outer
shell – it needs to share with other atoms to get 4
more electrons – so it needs to make 4 bonds
•Hydrogen needs to make 1 bond
•Oxygen needs to make 2 bonds
•Nitrogen needs to make 3 bonds
•Carbon needs to make 4 bonds
HONC
HONC!!
•A shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms is a bond, and
the 2 dots representing the bond can be replaced by a line
connecting the atoms – this is called a Structural formula
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C
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•Can also write MOLECULAR FORMULAS that do not
show the individual bonds:
•Expanded Molecular Formula still shows how atoms
are arranged:
• 2, propanol = CH3CH(OH)CH3
Condensed Molecular Formula just shows the
number of each atom:
•2, propanol = C3H8O
Molecular modeling