Transcript damage/loss

M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES
AFGHANISTAN
OCTOBER 26, 2015
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
EARTHQUAKES ARE A GLOBAL
NATURAL HAZARD
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ETC.
EARTHQUAKES
are small to awesome
manifestations of energy
released in the form of seismic
waves and tsunamis as tectonic
plates of the Earth’s crust
slowly converge, diverge, or
slide by each other
EARTHQUAKES OCCUR MAINLY AT
PLATE BOUNDARIES
THE COLLISION OF THE INDO-AUSTRIALIA AND
EURASIAN PLATES CAUSES EARTHQUAKES
OCTOBER 26, 2015: THE
TECTONIC PLATES IN THE
VICINITY OF AFGHANISTAN
THAT HAVE BEEN MOVING
FOR 200 MILLION YEARS
MOVED ONCE AGAIN
KEY ASPECTS OF THE
EARTHQUAKE
• The U.S. Geological Survey said the
epicenter was in the far northern
Afghan province of Badakhshan, which
borders Pakistan, Tajikistan and China.
• The quake was 213 kilometers (130
miles) deep and the epicenter was 73
kilometers (45 miles) south of the
provincial capital, Fayzabad.
NOTE: THE DEPTH OF THE
EARTHQUAKE FOCUS—213 KM–
NOT 10 KM AS IN THE 2005
KASHMIRE EARTHQUAKE, KEPT
THE DISASTER FROM BEING
EVEN WORSE
LOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE
AFGHANISTAN AND
PAKISTAN
IMPACTS OF THE
EARTHQUAKE
• The death toll, which reached at least
340 late Monday, is expected to rise
sharply.
• In Pakistan, at least 228 people were
killed, with more than 1,000 injured,
• The corresponding tolls in Afghanistan
were lower, but included 12 school
girls who died in a stampede .
FAULT RUPTURE
DAMAGE/LOSS
EARTHQUAKE
GROUND
SHAKING
DAMAGE/LOSS
TSUNAMI
DAMAGE/ LOSS
TECTONIC
DEFORMATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
FOUNDATION
FAILURE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SITE
AMPLIFICATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
LIQUEFACTION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
LANDSLIDES
DAMAGE/ LOSS
AFTERSHOCKS
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
NOTE: GROUND SHAKING WILL
CAUSE A DISASTER WHEN IT
INTERACTS WITH VULNERABLE
AND UNPROTECTED BUILDINGS
AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN A
NATION’S COMMUNITIES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
EARTHQUAKES
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION
AND PLAN
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF
UTILITIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO
NONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Afghanistan’s and
Pakistan’s armies led the
initial search and rescue
and response operations
after the earthquake
AFGHANISTAN: TAHKAR
PROVINCE
PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN: SOLDIER
LOADING RELIEF SUPPLIES
PAKIISTAN DECLARED THAT IT DID
NOT NEED INTERNATIONAL
ASSISTANCE
The impacts in Pakistan were
far less severe than in the
October 2005 earthquake that
killed 78,000
KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
8:52 AM SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2005
M7.6
10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH
78,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN
COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS,
AND HOSPITALS
HOMELESS
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE
IN AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN
A Paradigm Shift
That Will Improve the Quality of Life
in Afghanistan and Pakistan
Disaster resilience, which is the
capacity of a country to rebound
quickly after the socioeconomic
impacts of a disaster,
requires decision-making for a
national paradigm shift from the
status quo.
AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN
ARE PRONE TO
• EARTHQUAKES
WHEN A COUNTRY IS DISASTER
PRONE, CONTINUATION OF THE
STATUS QUO
Will result in new and more complex
HEALTH PROBLEMS
WILL result in unnecessary
DEATHS AND INJURIES
WILL result in longer and more costly
RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
• Disaster resilience has become an
urgent global goal in the 21st
century as many Nations are
experiencing disasters after a
natural hazard strikes, and learning
that their communities, institutions,
and people do NOT yet have the
capacity to be disaster resilient.
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE
IN PAKISTAN
• Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into
Books of Knowledge
• Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to
Innovative Educational Surges to Build
Professional and Technical Capacity
• Step 3: From Professional and Technical
Capacity to Disaster Resilience
NOTE: Step 1 is a task to
integrate everything we know or
think we know about Pakistan’s
earthquakes into professional
practice
NOTE: Step 2 is a task for a
Nation’s “Academies of Science,
Engineering and Medicine,” its
educational institutions at all
levels, and its electronic and
print media that provide public
information
NOTE: Step 3 is a task for a
Nation’s “decision-makers,”
(i.e., its political leaders,
stakeholders, and leading
professionals)
who have a basis for deciding
on the nature and scope of a
national paradigm shift
THINKING ABOUT THE
FUTURE
REGIONAL EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE:
AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM,
OR IS IT?
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
COMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
after the
AFGHANISTAN EARTHQUAKE OF
OCTOBER 26, 2015
CHOOSING OPTIONS THAT WILL
FACILITATE LONG-TERM RECOVERY
LONG-TERM RECOVERY NEEDS IN
REGION
• NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW
DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE
RESILIENT.
• NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE
EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE
EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
• NEED: INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS
EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
GOAL
• TO MARSHAL AND
INTEGRATE THE
REGIONALSTAPLE
FORCES,..
• …GIVING ALL SECTORS
EQUITY IN DESIGN
PROCESSES FOR
BECOMING
EARTHQUAKE
RESILIENT.
OBJECTIVES
• TO BECOME
RESILIENT TO
GROUND SHAKING,
LANDSLIDES, AND
AFTERSHOCKS
• TO ADOPT AND
IMPLEMENT PUBLIC
POLICY MANDATES
FOR PREVENMTION,
MITIGATION,
PREPAREDNESS,
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE, AND
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
PROCEDURES
• USE STATE-OFART TOOLS FOR
ASSESSING
HAZARDS AND
RISK (E.G.,
GROUND
SHAKING MAPS
AND HAZUS)
• USE PROVEN
TECHNOLOGY
FOR REDUCING
VULNERABILITY
IN THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
(E.G., ENERGY
DISSIPATION)
PROCESSES FOR BECOMING
EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT
• INCREASED PUBLIC
AWARENESS
• IMPROVED
PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
• EXPANDED MONITORING
AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MODERN BUILDING
CODES FOR NEW
BUILDINGS
• MODERN STANDARDS
FOR NEW
INFRASTRUCTURE
• STRENGTHENING AND
RETROFIT FOR EXISTING
STRUCTURES
• EXPANDED
INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION