Transcript 5. Where would you find the least number of earthquakes?

Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes and
Earthquakes Test Review!
Earthquakes
Plate
Hodge
Geography
Volcanoes
Tectonics
Podge
100
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100
200
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300
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400
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500
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100 - Q
What type of
boundary is
shown on the left?
Give an example
of where this
might be found on
earth.
100 - A
Large transform
faults can be found
in California at the
San Andreas Fault,
in Haiti (Caribbean),
and Turkey!
200 - Q
What type of
boundary is shown
on the left?
Give an example
of where this might
be found on earth.
200 - A
This is a convergent
boundary! There is a
subduction zone and a
trench where oceanic
crust is sinking below
continental crust. You
can find this all around
the Ring of Fire in the
Pacific Ocean. (Japan,
Alaska, Indonesia,
Phillipines, etc.)
300 - Q
What type of
boundary is shown
on the left?
Give an example
of where this might
be found on earth.
300 - A
This is a divergent
plate boundary! You
will find this (ridge)
in Iceland or the midAtlantic ridge and in
the Great Rift Valley
in Africa.
400 - Q
Why are the earth’s plates moving?
400 - A
The great heat from the core
causes convection currents in
the mantle! The crust is
carried along as cooler areas
sink and hotter areas rise.
500 - Q
Why are there clusters of many
earthquakes and volcanoes in some
specific areas?
500 - A
Some areas are near plate boundaries,
are near a hot spot, or have active
faults in areas with hard rock.
100 -Q
How or why are the Himalayas forming?
Where are the Himalayas?
100 - A
The Himalayas are forming because the
Indian plate is colliding with the
Eurasian plate. Since they both have
the same density, one plate is not
sinking below the other, they just pile up
into huge mountains!
The Himalayas are in Asia. They touch
India, China, Tibet, Burma, …
200 - Q
Name a mountain range in South America
that is built by a subduction zone at a
continent-oceanic convergent boundary.
200 - A
The Andes mountains are a huge
mountain range in South America.
They stretch through Colombia,
Equador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile!
300 - Q
1. Where is a hot spot located? ___
2. Where is magma rising as two plates are spreading apart? __
3. Where are two plates grinding past each other at a transform
fault? ___
4. Where are mountains building without volcanoes? ___
5. Where would you find the least number of earthquakes? ___
300 - A
1. Where is a hot spot located? _A__
2. Where is magma rising as two plates are spreading apart? D__
3. Where are two plates grinding past each other at a transform
fault? _B__
4. Where is mountain building occurring? _E__
5. Where would you find the least number of earthquakes? _C__
400 - Q
Match the following by writing the appropriate number:
___Hot spot (Hawaii)
___ Andes mountains and Peruvian trench.
___ San Andreas fault
___ Mid-Atlantic ridge
___ Himalayas
___ Where would you find a ridge and a rift valley?
400 - A
3 Hot spot (Hawaii)
2 Andes mountains and Peruvian trench.
1 San Andreas fault
4 Mid-Atlantic ridge
5 Himalayas
6 Where would you find a ridge and a rift valley?
500 - Q
The mid-Atlantic ridge is formed
because of this process and it is making
the Atlantic Ocean get bigger as we
move away from Europe!
500 - A
Seafloor spreading!
100 - Q
You might just barely feel an earthquake
when it reaches this magnitude on the
Richter scale.
100 - A
~ 2.5
200 - Q
An earthquake between 6.5 and 7.0
on the Richter Scale would cause
this kind of damage.
200 - A
There would be major damage to many
buildings, dams, and bridges. There
could also be landslides or fires.
300 - Q
What is the cause of most earthquakes?
300 - A
There is pressure at a hot spot or
plate boundary that causes a break
and movement along a fault.
400 - Q
The surface location where rocks
break, move, and cause an earthquake,
(and often has the most damage) is
called the ……………....
400 - A
Epicenter!
500 - Q
Identify at least five objects you would include
in an earthquake emergency survival kit.
500 - A
Water (1gallon/person/day), water purifier, 1st aid
kit, flashlights, batteries, portable radio, nonrefrigerated food (canned, dried), camp stove, nonperishable foods like jerky, peanut butter, granola,
nutrition bars; extra set of clothes & shoes, personal
hygiene supplies, tarp, blanket, can opener, knife,
hand-cranked cell phone charger, fire starter and
extinguisher, small shovel, your medicine, and
remember that your pet needs pet food.
100 - Q
What causes some volcanoes to have
“quiet” eruptions, and other volcanoes to
have “explosive” eruptions?
100 - A
Quiet volcanoes have lava that is low in
silica and has low viscosity, so the lava
flows easily.
Explosive volcanoes have lava that is
high in silica, gas, and high viscosity.
This causes pressure to build and gases
to expand, which cause explosive
eruptions.
200 - Q
How can a volcano kill you?
Be specific about the hazards that a
volcano brings to the part.
200 - A
Ash can suffocate or burn you, gas can poison,
“bombs” and cinder can hit and burn or kill
you, steam can burn or kill you, mudflows,
lahars, lava, and pyroclastic flows can bury
you! Large amounts of ash can drop the
temperature of earth and cause crop failure.
Acids or poisons in the air can kill crops or kill
cattle, fish, etc. which can lead to famine.
Tsunamis can be triggered and drown you.
300 - Q
What is the difference between a
dormant and an extinct volcano?
300 - A
A dormant volcano can erupt in the future. It is
“sleeping”.
An extinct volcano is unlikely to ever erupt
again. It is “dead”.
400 - Q
How are the Hawaiian volcanoes
different from most other volcanoes?
400 - A
Hawaiian volcanoes form because of a
hot spot and Hawaii is far AWAY from
any plate boundaries!
Most volcanoes are at or near plate
boundaries (unlike Hawaii).
500 - Q
What are some signs that a volcano is
getting ready to erupt and it’s time for
you to evacuate the area!
500 - A
Earthquakes, swelling ground, gas release,
an increase in temperature of soil and rock,
small eruptions, warmer temperatures and
increased acidity in lakes, ground water,
and pond water.
100 - Q
Describe at least three pieces of
evidence that supports the existence of
Pangaea and Plate Tectonics?
100 - A
Matching fossils found in faraway
places, rocks and ancient mountain
ranges fit together, geomagnetism of the
ocean floor, continents fit together like
pieces of a puzzle, satellites track
movements of continents today!
200 - Q
A wave or a set of waves caused by an
earthquake, volcano, or landslides is called
this.
200 - A
A tsunami!
300 - Q
What are convection currents?
300 - A
Convection currents are motion in the
mantle caused by differences in
temperature and density!
Warmer areas are less dense and rise,
whereas colder areas are denser and sink.
400 - Q
How does heat and density change
inside the earth as you go deeper into
the earth?
400 - A
Great pressure, and the presence of
radioactive elements, causes the interior
of the earth to be extremely hot! The
deeper you go, the denser and hotter it
becomes.
500 - Q
Why haven’t all of the mountains of
the world been eroded down to plains?
(There has been enough time to wear
down every mountain on the earth
several times over.)
500 - A
Heat in the core causes convection
currents that keep the plates moving.
As the plates move, some plates collide
and when two continental plates collide,
or a continental and an oceanic plate
collide, it causes mountain-building!