Transcript Slide 1
Discovery - Discovered by Swedish Chemist Johan August Arfwedson - Arfwedson is given credit for the discovery after identifying it in 1817 - Arfwedson found lithium in a mineral that has just been discovered, petalite - Petalite was discovered by Brazilian scientist Joze Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva Naming - Named Lithium after the Greek word for stone, “lithos” How it was Discovered - Arfwedson studied petalite but found that he could not identify 10% of the mineral. - The missing 10% was then identified as a new element - Arfwedson did not ever get lithium to its purest form. - Years later, William Thomas Brande was able to separate lithium into a pure form. Physical Properties Chemical Properties - Melting Point: 180.54 - Boiling Point : 1,335 - Density: 0.534 g/cm - Atomic Mass: 6.941g - Flammable Solid - Silvery-White - Lightest weight of all Metals - Reacts slowly with water at room temperature - Faster reactions as temperature rises - Reacts with most acids and gives off hydrogen - Combines with Sulfur, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Halogens • Around 0.005% of earth’s crust abundance is lithium • Found in spodumene, petalite, and lepidolite. • Also is released when salt water evaporates • Ores are found in mines such as Silver Peak in Nevada • Extracted by way of electrolysis - - Used to produce aluminum and other substances in stronger forms In the past, lithium was used to make black and white tube televisions and tupperware Lithium Stearate - Mixed with petroleum producing thick grease for lubrication - Doesn’t break down at high temperatures - Doesn’t become hard when cooled - No reaction with water or oxygen - Used in the military, vehicles, cosmetics, plastics, aircrafts, marine technology, and much more. Lithium Batteries - Converts chemical energy into electric energy - Lighter than lead and sulfuric acid batteries and less toxic - Used in many small appliances, watches, electrons, etc. - Also used in advanced satellites today - Health Benefits - Used as treatment for maniac/depressive disorders such as bipolar Interferes with neurotransmitters Increases production of white blood cells Has very few side effects • Corrosion Source. 23 May 2007 <http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/ periodic/3.htm>. • Burns, Ralph A. Fundamentals of Chemistry. N.p.: Library of Congress, 2003. • Gagnon, Steve. "It's Elemental: Lithium." Jefferson Lab. 27 May 2007 <http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele003.html>. • Clindesh, Dave M. "Chemical Data: Lithium ." Chemsoc. 24 May 2007 <http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/data/lithium_ data.html>.