Transcript 355 Geoscience for Elementary Educators

Lets explore the ocean floor.
http://www.ivebeenthere.co.uk/places/netherlands-antilles/bonaire/gallery.jsp
http://www.illustrationsof.com/details/clipart/8850.html
Thermal Vents
http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp
Review Plate Tectonics
There are three different
plate boundaries.
 Transform boundaries
 Convergent
boundaries
 Divergent boundaries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tectonic_plate_boundaries.png
Plate Tectonics
Transform Plate Boundary
 This type of boundary is one
where the two plates slide
against each other in a sideways
motion.
 http://www.kidsgeo.com/geo
logy-for-kids/0047transform-boundaries.php
 These boundaries between
plates is referred to as transform
boundaries. As two plates slide
past one another, in a transform
boundary, neither plate is added
to at the boundary, nor
destroyed.
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0047-transform-boundaries.php
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0047-transform-boundaries.php
Plate Tectonics
Convergent Plate
Boundary
Converge is a large word that
scientists use to describe two
objects that come together.
In the case of plate tectonics,
the two objects coming together
are large plate-like pieces of the
Earth’s crust. As these two plates
push against each other, one is
ultimately forced down beneath
the other.
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0046-convergent-boundaries.php
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0046-convergent-boundaries.php
Plate Tectonics
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Diverge is a big word used by scientists to
describe what happens when two objects
move away from each other.
Thus, a divergent boundary is a boundary
where two tectonic plates are moving away
from one another. As we have already
discussed, this most often takes place at
ocean ridges.
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0045-divergent-boundaries.php
Where are thermal
vents found?
First discovered in 1977
In the Pacific and Atlantic
oceans
Depth of 2,100 meters
(7,000ft.)
http://denali.gsfc.nasa.gov/dtam/data/ftp/gtam.gif
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Convergent Plate Boundaries
That are not close to the shore.
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/vents/vent-world.html
How it works
 The Earth's crust is moving apart, creating cracks and crevices in the
ocean floor.
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/vents/index.html
How it works
 Seawater seeps into these
openings and is heated by the
molten rock, or magma, that
lies beneath the Earth's crust.
 As the water is heated, it rises
and seeks a path back out
into the ocean through an
opening.
 It spouts a column of water
heated by volcanic rock .
Why does it not boil?
 The water coming out of the
vents may be as hot as 400°C
(750°F).
 In the deep part of the ocean
it is extremely cold and is
only a few degrees above
freezing.
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/temp.html&edu=high
Smokestacks
 When the super-hot vent water meets the surrounding
deep cold ocean water, the dissolved metals become
particles and they form the smokestacks.
bioinfo.bact.wisc.edu/.../Intro.html
Black Smoker
Are the hottest vents
They spew iron and
sulfide
White smokers
The water released is
cooler than the Black
smokers.
Contains
 Barium
 Calcium
 Silicon
http://www.answers.com/topic/hydrothermal-vent
Life around
the vents .
Tubeworms
Anemones
Clams
Spider crabs
Tubeworms in the Pacific Ocean
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/life/extremes.html
Deep-sea anemone clings to lava outcrop
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/life/extremes.html
A string of clams winds across a vent
Spider crab
http://www.onr.navhttp://usasearch.gov/search?v%3aproject=firstgovimages&v%3afile=viv_1101%4031%3amXS9tN&v%3aframe=list&v%3astate=root%7cN298&id=N298&action=list&y.mil/focus/ocean/habitats/vents.htm
Activity
http://pushthefuture.wordpress.com
First lets make our own ocean water.
Need salt (lots of salt)
Need ice (lots of ice)
www.flickr.com
Mix
www.geekalerts.com
Activity
 Get into groups of 4
www.allposters.com.au
 One person in the group
come up and get the materials
Lets Explore!
http://chemeng.ugm.ac.id/personalpages/index.php?menu=member_
photo&profile=1&view=filmstrip&photo=6
Questions?
http://clientcarecards.com/category.php?category_id=1