Transcript Slide 1
Chemistry 1010 Naming and Batteries Positive ions (cations) 1. Cations formed from metal atoms have the same name as the metal. Na+ sodium ion 2. If the metal can form ions with more than one charge, the charge is in ( ). Co+ cobalt() 3. Zn2+ zinc ion Follow ion list for others. Co2+ cobalt() Polyatomic Ions Negative ions (anions) 1. Monotomic anions – drop the ending of the name and add –ide. H- hydride 2. Follow ion list for others. O2- oxide Ionic compounds Name the cation followed by the anion. CaCl2 calcium chloride Al2O3 aluminum oxide Binary molecular compounds (Covalent Compounds) 1. 2. 3. 4. The name of the element farthest to the left in the table is written first. If in the same group, the lower one is named first The second element is given the ide ending Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of each atom. Common Prefixes 1 2 3 4 5 mono di tri tetra penta 6 7 8 9 10 hexa hepta octa nona deca Oxygen Is one of the essential elements necessary for life Makes up over half the earth’s crust by mass Occurs in the hydrosphere , lithosphere, and atmosphere litho – with Si, Al, and others hydro – in water as H2Oto form the earth’s crust atmo – as O2 we breath and Ozone O3 to protect 2/3 of our body weight is Oxygen Combined with the food we eat to produce energy 20 billion Kg is produce annually in the United States Causes rust an corrosion Primary cause for the spoilage of food Causes wood to decay HYDROGEN By weight, it is 0.9% of the earth crust By #, it makes up 15 % of the earth crust Usually found combined with water or hydrocarbons It is colorless and odorless It is the lightest of all substances There is 200 million Kg produced in the US yearly 2/3 of this amount is used to produce ammonia not used in blimps anymore Hindenburg Ya Wanna watch it burn?????????? Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – The gain of oxygen atoms Reduction – The loss of oxygen atoms 2Mg + O2 2MgO RhO2 RhO + O2 Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – The loss of hydrogen atoms Reduction – the gain of hydrogen atoms C2H6O C2H4O + H2 FeO2 + H2 FeH2O2 Oxidation / Reduction Oxidation – the loss of electrons Reduction – the gain of electrons Ca + Ag Ag2+ Cr2+ Cr Mg2+ Ca2+ + Mg OIL RIG oxidation involves loss reduction involves gain Any oxidation is accompanied by a reduction FeO + H2 Fe + H2O Demo Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ penny in AgNO3 Zn + Ag + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Zinc in a copper sulfate solution Batteries Explain in Great Detail how a wet electrochemical (battery) cell works!!!! What About A Flashlight Battery Zn + 2 MnO2 +H2O + Zn2+ + Mn2O3 + graphite (carbon) zinc metal past of MnO2 - 2 OH- Other Common Batteries Mercury cell Silver Oxide Nickel Cadmium Lithium cells Zn / HgO Zn / Ag2O Cd / NiO Li / MnO2 calculators, hearing aids watches, cameras rechargeable batteries pacemakers How Does a Car Battery Work Same as an electrochemical cell but reversible Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2eAdd electricity 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e- Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4 Electric Cars • Let’s Talk About It