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Global Expansion Tectonics: A Challenge to Physics 4 Byr ~1 Byr ~250 Myr ~100 Myr Present Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 What is EXPANSION TECTONICS? 4.5 Byr ~1 Byr ~250 Myr ~100 Myr Present “A study of the structure and movement of the Earth's crust due to an increase in Earth radius”. Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Global Expansion Tectonics “Proof of any theory is by direct observation or by direct measurement” Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Geophysical Evidence (1960s) North Atlantic Ocean Mid-Ocean-Ridge Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Bedrock Geology of the World CGMW & UNESCO (1990) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Geological Evidence – (0 to 200Ma) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Pangaea – Permian (~250Ma) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Is this Fact or Mere Coincidence? “it is difficult to believe that chance alone can explain this fitting together of the continental margins” (Barnett, 1962) “I have been continually amazed that the simplicity with which Earth expansion answers so much of the Earth's evolution has been so delayed in universal adoption” (Vogel, 1983). Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Empirical Earth Radius Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Earth Radius Formula Ra = (R0-Rp)ekt + Rp Where: R0 = present Earth radius at time t0 Ra = ancient Earth radius at time ta Rp = primordial Earth radius at time tp = 1700 kilometres t = time before the present (negative) k = a constant = 4·5366x10-9/year Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Kinematics of Earth Expansion Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Mass, Density & Surface Gravity Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Current Rates of Increase Radius dR/dt0 = 22 mm/year Circumference dC/dt0 = 140 mm/year Surface area dS/dt0 = 3·5 km2/year Volume dV/dt0 = 11,000 km3/year Assuming a constant density and increasing mass Mass dM/dt0 = 60 x 1012 t/year Surface gravity dg/dt0 = 3·4 x 10-8 msec-2/yr Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Scientific Dilemma Unbeknown to most scientists we have now reached a critical point in the development of science. One seemingly trivial reorientation of scientific perspective, from a static radius Earth to an actively increasing Earth radius viewpoint, has the potential to completely negate the established consensus of opinion and scientific beliefs of today. (James Maxlow 2002) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Suggested Causal Mechanism Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 A Challenge to Physics To accept the challenge and find me a convincing “motor and mechanism” to explain the observed empirical increase in Earth surface area and radius through time. Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012 Publications Hardcopy Book [email protected] E-Book www.oneoffpublishing.com Webpage: http://www.jamesmaxlow.com Thesis: http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adtWCU20020117.145715 Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012