Transcript IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN INDIA

IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN INDIA:
TSUNAMI-Disaster Management
Programs for Livestock
DR. C. KATHIRVELAN And MAYANK TANDON
Animal Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA.
email: [email protected],
[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
•TSUNAMI – “Harbour wave”
• Tsunami
– are large waves that are generated when the
sea floor is deformed by seismic activity
•Tsunami wave caused by
Coastal earthquakes
Under sea volcanic eruptions
Under sea landslides
•Tsunami is not a single wave, It is series of waves.
•Travel at a speed of more than 800Km/hr.
Frontline,Jan,2005
December 26 th ,2004 Tsunami
• Epicenter - 280 km from northern sumathra
• 2100 km from Indian south coast line
• Due to interface of the two tectonic plates
(The Indian plate and Burma plate)
• Magnitude 8.9
• 30 feet height
Frontline,Jan,2005
Countries affected
Indonesia
Thailand
Srilankha
India
Myanmar
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Somalia
In India
Andaman and
nicobar
TamilNadu
Pondicherry
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
World Tsunami occurrence
Nov 1,1755
- Europe
Aug 27, 1883
- Indonesian islands (JavaSumatra)
June 15,1896
- East coast of Japan
April 1,1946
Nov 5,1952
- Hawaii
- Russia
May 23,1960
- Hawaii
Aug 23, 1976
- Philippines
July 17, 1998
- Bismarck sea
India Today,Jan,2005
In INDIA
•Dec 31, 1881 - Car Nicobar island
•June 26,1941 - Andaman and Nicobar
•From 1973-2001 7 under sea earthquakes
happened.But
No Tsunami
•Dec 26,2004- Andaman and nicobar, Indian
South coast states
India Today,Jan,2005
Number of missing or dead animals
Species
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Poultry
Duck
Swine
Indonesia
28450
21561
46133
52010
449656
-
Thailand
372
142
454
SriLanka
12300
4163
308
1086
2,30,000
2641
9000
Source:FAO
Impact of Tsunami as a whole- In India
Particulars
TamilNadu
Pondicherry
Kerala
Andhra
Pradesh
Length of coast affected
1000 Km
25 km
250 km
985
Incursion of water into
land
2 km to 3.5
km
300m to 3 km 1-2 km
500m to
2km
Average height of waves 7 m to 10 m
10 m
3m to 5
m
5m
Population affected
6.91 lakhs
43,000
24.7
lakhs
2.11lakhs
Dwelling units affected
1,12748
10,061
11,832
1,557
Animal lost
5,477
506
520
195
Cropped area hit
2,589 ha
792 ha
810 ha
790 ha
Source: Ministry of Home Affairs
Andaman and Nicobar
Number of missing or dead animals
Cattle
-556
Sheep and goat
- 4300
Dogs
- 654
Poultry
-1.3 lakhs
Pig
-368
In TamilNadu
Number of missing or dead animals
Cattle
- 1,021
Sheep and goat
- 3234
Pigs
- 720
Dogs
- 600
Poultry
-1.6lakhs
Source:TamilNadu animal Husbandry Dept.
Impact of tsunami on animal production
ANIMALS
PLANTS (Feed resources)
SOILS
ON ANIMALS
• Destruction of animals
• Considerable destruction of animal building
• Loss of stored animal feed resources
• Disease out break;
Lack of feed
Movement of animals
Consumption of contaminated water
Stress conditions
Potenciate disease outbreak
Cont..
Especially Zoonatic diseases like;
Salmonellosis
Leptospirosis
Anthrax, rabies
Crypto sporidiosis
Giardiosis
Animal health problem & under nutrition
Stress conditions
Decreased animal production
ON PLANTS
(FEED RESOURCES)
• Stored animal feed was soaked with sea water
• Pastures and other fibrous feed not affected
severely when the sea water passed over them and
then quickly receded.
•Long term damage : pastures and fodder crops have
been flooded for long periods with stagnant salt
water.
•Coconuts destruction in coastal areas
•Feed mill (fish meal processing unit) damage also
reported
Cont..
Especially in TamilNadu,
Crops affected are,
•
Majorly paddy,
•
Groundnut, Sesame, Black gram
In, Andaman and Nicobar
•
Paddy and coconut plantation totally wiped out
•
Areca nut, palm plantation affected.
ON SOILS (Agricultural fields)
•Direct crop destruction by up rooting
•Soil fertility losses when upper layer is washed away
•Deposition of salt sediment
•Soil infiltration
•Soil erosion modifies the topography
Intensity of damage depends upon
•
The energy of the flood
•
The type of soil coverage and vegetation
•
Soil drainage capacity
In Gist;
Impact of tsunami on animal production in terms
of,

Animal destruction

Feed resources loss

Soil fertility loss ( soil salinity)
TSUNAMI-Disaster management /Restocking
programmes
FOR ANIMALS
•Waste management
•Animal health/Veterinary services
Vaccination
Poultry : Avian Influenza, New castle disease
Pigs
: Swine fever,FMD, JE
Sheep and Goat : PPR and Pasteurolosis
Cattle : PPR,HS,FMD and Anthrax
•Supplementation of feed,water and shelter
•Veterinary public health.
For plants
•Supplementation suitable seeds,
•Evolving suitable crops
‘VTL’-salt tolerant Varity of paddy
For pastures- Chenopodiaceae family
For soils
1st priority: To ensure quick drainage of salt water
2nd priority : Restore physical integrity of the fields
•Salt deposition
Upto 30-50 mm salt deposition reported.
-Removal of salt deposit, coarser elements
- leaching:
Through regular watering by rain fall or irrigation
In gist;

Animal health programme

Provision of suitable seeds
to farmer

Desalination of soil
Feeding strategies
1. Transportation of fodder
Main strategy in disaster (Tsunami)
management
Densification of fibrous feeds.
2. Complete feed block feeding
3. Exploiting new feed resources
Exploiting locally available unconventional fodder resources
Addition of molasses to improve the palatability
Mixing with routine feed
4. Urea supplementation
•
Economic NPN compound
•
Mode of feeding urea:
Treatment of straws with urea
Addition to concentrate feed
Urea molasses mineral block
Urea liquid supplementation
5. Conservation of fodder
Green fodder conservation
Depending on facility.
Either as silage or hay
TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
In 1965- International Tsunami Information
Centre (ITIC).
•Under water earth quakes are monitored
by sensors on the floor of the sea
•The sensors pass on information to
floating buoys on the surface whenever
they detect any change in sea pressure
•Information is then relayed to satellite
which pass it on to the earth stations.
•Inform well in advance 3 to 14 hours.
Impact of feeding salty feed and saline water on animal
production
•Animal salt tolerance depend on ability of kidney to increase
glomerular filtration rate and decrease salt reabsorption rate.
•Exert inhibitory effect on rumen microflora
•Decreased milk production
Increased osmotic pressure
Alter thyroid hormone function
Decrease protein synthesis.
Cont..
In poultry: Detoriation of egg shell
quality
Symptoms of salt poisoning :
Excessive thirst
Muscular weakness
Edema.
Strategies for coastal eco security
•Environmentally sustainable management of the
coastal zone.
•Strengthening if ecological foundations
Rehabilitation of mangrove forests
Erection of bio shields
(M.S. SwamiNathan)
Bioshields consists of;
Planting appropriate mangrove species
Salt tolerant plants
Saliorine atriplex
Casuarina Sp.
Thespesia Sp.
And some species of Bamboo
(M.S. SwamiNathan)
CONCLUSION
•Local level plans to be drawn up for
evacuating animals at short notice at the time
of Tsunami alert
•Fodder conservation
•Animal health management.