Transcript Sexually - Our eclass community

Sexually transmitted
infections
Sexually transmitted
infections (STI’s)
are the infections
that are contracted
through sexual
intercourse or other
intimate sexual
contact (eg. oral
sex).
Bacterial STI’s
 Syphilis
 Gonorrhea
 Chlamydia
Viral STI’s
 Genital herpes
 Genital warts
Parasitic STI’s
 Pubic lice
The pathogens responsible for STIs include:
Pathogen
STI
Viruses
genital herpes, genital warts
Bacteria
gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia
Protozoa
trichomoniasis
Parasites
pubic lice
Chancres resulting from syphilis
US Gov-HHS
Treponema pallidum causes
syphilis
Syphilis, if untreated, passes through several
stages that occur over many years.
1st stage – a sore or chancre appears near site
of infection.
2nd stage – rash & prolonged flu-like symptoms
before entering long, silent period (often
several years).
3rd stage – virus eventually attacks bones, heart
& nervous system often leading to insanity &
death.
Newborn baby with gonococcal ophthalmia
Gonococcal lesion
Bacteria responsible for
gonorrhea
Males
 In 20% of cases there are no symptoms.
 Remainder suffer discharge of pus from penis
and experience pain urinating.
Females
 10-15% experience symptoms similar to
those of men.
 Majority have no symptoms but all may suffer
serious health problems such as pelvic
inflammatory disease and infertility.
Cold sores resulting from the
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus



Genital herpes is
usually caused by
the Herpes virus
Some people
experience a single
episode of herpes –
in others it is
recurrent.


Symptoms include
painful blistering
around the genitalia.
Active sores are
usually the source of
infection.
Herpes sores on the
lips/mouth will
easily transmit the
virus to the genital
area during oral sex



Mothers who are
infected with herpes in
the last trimester of a
pregnancy are at risk of
infecting their baby
during birth.
More than 40% of
newborn babies infected
with herpes die or have
severe brain damage.
A Caesarean section is
generally performed if
the mother is suspected
of having a herpes
infection.


The human papilloma virus

Genital warts are caused
by the human papilloma
virus (HPV).
Warts generally appear
around the external
genitalia, though they can
also be internal
(especially in women).
The papilloma virus is
responsible for 70% of
the cases of cervical
cancer in women.



The use of a male condom during sexual
activity may prevent the transmission of
pathogens.
The use of condoms is 85% effective in
preventing pregnancy, so therefore also only
85% effective in preventing the transmission of
STI’s
Open sores anywhere on the genital area that
come into contact will spread the disease



A vaccine is now available to combat several
strains of HPV.
The vaccine is most effective when it is given
to females before they first have sexual
intercourse.
In Australia the National Immunisation
Program offers free HPV vaccine to females
aged 12 to 26 years.
This vaccine will not prevent all HPV infections
Syphilis, gonorrhea & chlamydia
 Can usually be treated with antibiotics, though
antibiotic resistant strains of the pathogens are
appearing.
Genital herpes
 No cure, treatment of symptoms only
Genital warts
 No cure, treatment of symptoms only
 HPV vaccine will prevent infections of some
strains
 Warts can be removed using laser treatment or
anti-wart ointment