Transcript Clinical Signs

Diseases/Disorders Respiratory
EQS 115
RESPIRATORY OVERVIEW
Upper
Lower
ASSESSING FOR DIAGNOSIS
Discharge
 1 nostril or both?
Noise?
 Restriction
 When does it occur?
Airflow?
 Another type of restriction
STRANGLES
Highly contagious bacterial infection
 Location - Upper respiratory tract
 Cause – Streptococcus equi
 Any horse is susceptible but horses
<5 years are more so
 Transmission – Inhalation or ingestion of bacteria
 Nasal, contaminated items, pasture environment
 Develop within 3 -14 days
STRANGLES
Clinical Signs
 High fever (103 – 106)
 Backing off feed
 Thick nasal discharge
 Painful swelling under the jaw
 Swollen lymph nodes
 May rupture
 Cough
STRANGLES
Diagnosis
 Culture nasal discharge or pus
Treatment
 Early cases are often treated with Penicillin
 Supportive care
 Flush abscess
Recovering animals can shed bacteria for up
to 6 weeks!
STRANGLES
Prevention
 Watch incoming populations
 Vaccination
EQUINE VIRAL RHINOPNEUMONITIS
Contagious viral infection
 EHV-1
 Abortions, neurological, respiratory illness
 EHV-3
 Venereal disease
 EHV-4
 Upper respiratory illness
 Cause – Herpes virus
EHV-4
 Any horse is susceptible but young horses are more
prone
 Transmission – Direct contact of nasal secretions
 Latent State – virus can reappear at intervals
through a horse’s life
 Stressful events triggers reappearance
 Develop within 48 hours
EHV-4
Clinical Signs
 Fever (102 – 107)
 Coughing
 Nasal discharge
 Depression, lethargy
 Symptoms increase with exercise
 Virus lasts 7 – 21 days
EHV-4
Diagnosis
 Can be hard to diagnosis
 Nasal swab, blood sample
Treatment
 Antibiotics may prevent 2nd infection
 Supportive care
 NSAIDS
 Rest
EHV-4
Prevention
 Vaccines are often suboptimal
 Good stable management is key
EQUINE INFLUENZA
Highly contagious viral infection
 Location - Upper respiratory tract
 Cause – Viral strains
 Any horse is susceptible but horses 1-5
years more so
 Transmission – Inhalation of virus
 Coughing, nasal droplets
 Develops within 1 – 3 days
EQUINE INFLUENZA
Clinical Signs
 High fever (103+)
 Characteristic Cough
 Lethargy / muscle soreness
 Thick nasal discharge
Diagnosis
 Swab discharge or take blood
 Can be confused with EHV
EQUINE INFLUENZA
Treatment
 Supportive care
 May require 3 weeks+ of rest
 Complications are common with young horses
Prevention
 Modified live intra-nasal shows to be
effective for 6 months
EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
Contagious viral infection
 Affects respiratory and reproductive systems
 Cause – Viral strain
 Any horse is susceptible
 Transmission – Inhalation of virus and breeding
naturally or with AI
 Mare passes virus to fetus which result in abortion or
death shortly after birth
 Develops within 3-14 days
EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
Clinical Signs
 Fever
 Conjunctivitis
 Watery nasal discharge
 Watery eyes
Diagnosis
 Nasal swab, semen, placenta, and fetal
tissue, and blood testing
EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
Treatment
 Supportive care
Prevention
 All colts less than 270 days should be
vaccinated
 Blood samples prior to breeding
EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS
Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate
 Soft palate rises and obstructs epiglottis
 Causes poor performance
 “Stopping”, frequent swallowing
 Can be intermittent or persistent
Laryngeal Hemiplegia (Roaring)
 Damage / irritation to laryngeal nerve that causes
atrophy of the muscle that helps open the airway
 Results in abnormal noise during exercise
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