Transcript Genetic Engineering/Recombinant DNA

 The
direct manipulation of an organisms
genome using biotechnology
 New DNA is inserted into a host genome
 Host organism transcribes and translates
that DNA into a protein not normally
manufactured by that organism
 Important/Interesting Examples:
Insulin(and other
biopharmaceutical)producing bacteria &
animals, GloFish, GMO’s
 The
use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by
delivering therapeutic DNA into a patients
cells.
 Good gene is inserted using a virus to
replace a mutated gene.
 Has been used to treat: Choroderemia,
Immunodeficiency diseases, chronic
lymphocytic leukemia, Beta-thalassemia,
and color-blindness in dogs
 Speculative Uses:
• Designer children and curing genetic diseases in
vitro
• Gene Doping to improve athletic performance
GENE THERAPY
 The
isolation, imaging and matching of
DNA sequences
 Used to identify individuals by matching
their DNA profiles
 Parental Testing, Criminal Investigations,
Identification of suspects & victims,
natural disasters, acts of terrorism.
 Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA
into small pieces that are then separated
on a GEL.
 Using
computers to store, organize, and
compare the genomes of all living
organisms
 Uses:
• Sequence Analysis & Comparison
• Computational Evolutionary Biology
• Genetics of Disease: Breast cancer, Alzheimer’s
• Oncogenomics: Analysis of mutations in cancer
• Analysis of causes of epidemics
 Production
of genetically identical
populations of existing organisms, cells
or tissues
 Important Uses:
• Cloning Stem Cells
• Cloning whole organisms
• Cloning of Extinct & Endangered Species
 Some
organisms that have been cloned:
• Tadpoles, Carp, mice, sheep, pig, cattle, cat, dog,
wolf, camel, Pyrenean Ibex