Transcript Reverse Osmosis Water System And Its Technologies

Chemistries and
Physics of Water
Purification
Topics

Contaminants in Water

Water Purification Technologies
Contaminants In Water
• Cations
Inorganic Ions
(Dissolved Solids) • Anions
Organics
• Natural
• Man Made
Particles
• Non Dissolved Solid Matter
• Colloids
Microorganisms
• Bacteria , Algae , Micro fungi,
Endotoxin
Water Purification
Technologies
Water Purification Technologies

Filtration

Ultra filtration

Chlorine removal

Ultraviolet

Scale Control

Storage Tank

Reverse Osmosis

Distribution Loops

Ion Exchange

Distillation
Filtration

Depth Filters - Entrapment

Screen Filters - Sieving,

Membranes
Depth Filter

Media
 Cotton Fibers, Glass Fibers
 Polypropylene, Nylon
 Filaments, Sand Grains

Pore Rating
 Nominal (98% Removal)

Range
 0.5-1000um or combinations

Thickness
 10-30mm
Membrane Micro Filter

Media
 Nylon,
 Teflon, Cellulose
 Esters

Pore Rating
 Absolute (100%
 Removal)

Range

0.1 to 10 um

Thickness
 150um
Chlorine Removal
Activated Carbon
 Raw Materials




Coconut Shell,
Wood, Lignite
Oil / Plastic
Activation generates a highly
porous structure with a large
surface area for Wood, Lignite.
Surface area
1000 m2 /gram
Activation

Heat, Chemical
Remove Chlorine
Remove Organics
Activated Carbon
Bead
Sodium Bisulfite




Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3) is a reducing agent
capable of dechlorinating the feed water to a
Reverse Osmosis System.
Dechlorination reactions
NaHSO3+ CL2+ H2O
NaHSO4+ 2HCl
1 ppm of chlorine (CL2) requires 1.46 ppm of
NaHSO3
To ensure complete Dechlorination Add 10%
excess of sodium bisulphite
Ion Exchange
Ion Exchange Process
Ion Exchange Regeneration
Ion Exchange Regeneration
Reverse osmosis (RO) theory
Low pressure
High pressure
under
pressure
raw water
Purified water
Permeate
water
Reject
water
drain or recycle
Semi-permeable
membrane
Feed
water
Thin Film Composite Membrane
Thin Film Layer
Support Structure
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis

Performance




95 - 99% Rejection of Inorganic Ions
99% Rejection of Organics
99% Rejection of Particles and
Microorganisms
Recovery

10 - 65% of Feed Water
Ion Exchange
Mixed Bed Exchange Process
Mixed Bed Exchange Process
Mixed Bed Regeneration
Mixed Bed Regeneration
Electro Deionization
Electro Deionization
Ultra-Filtration

Can be used for WFI or for Water For Final
Rinsing for parenteral manufacturing (if
permitted)

Removes organic contaminants, such as
endotoxins

Operation at 80°C, and sterilization at 121 °C
Ultra-Violet
Oxidation of Organic Compound
Oxidation of Organic Compound

HCHO + 2OH.
Formaldehyde

HCOOH+2OH.
FORMIC ACID
UV
UV
HCOOH + H2O
Formic Acid + Water
CO2
+ 2H2O
CORBONDIOXIDE+WATER
Storage Tank

Design Considerations

Sized with Make-Up system
 Store water protected from bacterial growth
 Vent filter
 Sanitary Overflow
 Tank UV light or Spray Ball
 Conical bottom
 Steam or Ozone sterilization

Rupture Disk should always have monitor

Smaller the better
Typical Water Storage And Distribution Schematic
Hydrophobic air filter
& burst disc
Feed Water
Cartridge
filter 1 µm
Water
must be
kept
circulating
Spray ball
Optional
in-line filter
0,2 µm
UV light
Outlets
Hygienic pump
Distribution Loops
Design
Considerations
Some purified
water systems will
use heat at 80°C
to perform
periodic
sanitizations
Effective
control of
bacteria
Most microorganisms
are destroyed at 80°C
which is a typical hot
loop temperature
WFI systems will incorporate heat
exchangers and monitoring in the
distribution loop to maintain 80°C
Distribution Loops
There should be no dead legs
D
Flow direction arrows
on pipes are important
Deadleg section
If D=25mm & distance X is
greater than 50mm, we have
a dead leg that is too long.
X
<2D
Sanitary Valve
Water scours deadleg
Ball valves are unacceptable
Bacteria can grow when
the valve is closed
The water is
contaminated as it
passes through the valve
Stagnant water
inside valve
Distribution Loops
Distillation
Thank You For Attending
Saima Muzaffar
2nd February, 2012