Transcript Communicable Diseases - Spring

Communicable
Diseases
Vocabulary
 Disease: any condition that interferes
with the normal/proper functioning of the
body or mind.
 Communicable Disease: disease that can
be spread to a person from another
person, animal or object
Vocabulary (cont)
 Germs: organisms that can only be seen
under a microscope.
 Pathogens: germs that cause disease
 Infection: condition that happens when
pathogens enter the body, multiply and
cause harm (when body can’t fight off,
develops into disease)
Kinds of Pathogens
 Viruses: smallest and simplest pathogens
 Not alive
 Cause upper respiratory infections
 Examples:
 Colds, chicken pox, flu, measles, mono, mumps,
hepatitis, herpes, HIV, yellow fever, polio, rabies,
viral pneumonia
Kinds of Pathogens
 Bacteria: simple one-celled organisms
 Helpful in digestive system and on skin
 Harmful causes strep throat and pneumonia
 Examples:
 Pinkeye, whooping cough, strep throat,
tuberculosis, lyme disease, food poisoning,
bacterial pneumonia
Kinds of Pathogens
 Fungi: organisms that are more complex
but can’t make own food
 Live in warm, moist environments
 Mold, yeast, mushrooms are examples
 Other examples:
 Athlete’s foot, ringworm
Kinds of Pathogens
 Protozoa: one-celled organisms that are
more complex than bacteria
 Most are harmless
 Examples of harmful protozoa:
 Dysentery, malaria
How Pathogens Spread
 Direct contact with others
 Ex. pinkeye
 Washing hands helps to prevent
 Indirect contact with others
 Through the air (sneezing/coughing)
 Sharing drinking glasses, utensils, personal
items
How Pathogens Spread
 Contact with someone else’s blood
 Ex. HIV
 Sharing needles, cut from infected person touches
cut of non-infected person
 Sexual contact
 Contact with contaminated food and water
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Prepare food carefully before you eat it
Wash fruits and veggies
Wipe down area after you prepare meal
Don’t drink water from lakes and rivers
How Pathogens Spread
 Contact with animals or insects
 Rabies can be spread from animal to person
when person gets bit
 Deer tick can spread lyme disease
 Mosquitoes can spread West Nile virus
Common Communicable
Diseases
 Colds: spread by direct/indirect contact
 Caused by different viruses that constantly
change, making it impossible to develop a
vaccine
 Influenza (Flu): characterized by fever,
chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches
and respiratory symptoms
 Different strains of viruses cause it
Common Communicable
Diseases
 Chicken Pox: rash, red itchy bumps that
develop into blisters, fever, aching
muscles
 Contagious for 1 week before symptoms
 When blisters dry up, no longer contagious
 Measles: rash, fever, head and body
aches
 Contagious for few days before symptoms
and lasts 5 days
Common Communicable
Diseases
 Mumps: fever, headache, swollen
salivary glands
 Contagious for a week before symptoms
begin
 Mononucleosis (Mono): viral disease
characterized by severe sore throat and
swelling of lymph glands in neck/throat
area
 Known as “kissing disease”
Common Communicable
Diseases
 Hepatitis: viral disease characterized by
inflammation of liver and yellowing of the
skin and whites of eyes
 Types A,B,C
 Tuberculosis: bacterial disease that
affects the lungs
 Spread through air
Common Communicable
Diseases
 Pneumonia: serious inflammation of lungs
 Spread through direct/indirect contact
 Bacterial can be treated with antibiotics
 Strep Throat: sore throat caused by bacteria
 Symptoms: red/painful throat, fever, swollen lymph
nodes in neck
 Spread through direct contact or when infected
people breathe or cough into air
Preventing Yourself From
Disease
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Practice good hygiene (cleanliness)
Don’t share eating utensils
Wash hands thoroughly
Avoid close contact with people who
have a communicable disease
 Handle and prepare food safely
Protecting Others From
Disease
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If you are sick:
Tell a parent/guardian
Stay home from school
Cover your mouth and nose when you
sneeze
 If a doctor has prescribed medication for
your illness, be sure to follow the
directions on the label of the medication
Ways to Stay Healthy
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Eat a balanced diet
Bathe regularly
Avoid alcohol, tobacco and drugs
Get 8-9 hours of sleep a night
Visit doctor regularly and get updated on
vaccinations
 Learn to manage stress, as stress
weakens the immune system
Noncommunicable
Disease
 Definition: a disease that cannot be
spread from person to person
Noncommunicable
Disease
 Causes:
 People may be born with some diseases
 People may choose unhealthful
behaviors
 The environment can cause some
diseases or make others worse.
Common Noncommunicable
Diseases
 Allergies: extreme sensitivity to a
substance
 Asthma: chronic inflammatory disorder
of the airways that causes air passages
to become narrow or blocked, making
breathing difficult