Transcript Membrane Separation Processes

G. H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology, V. V. Nagar
Mass Transfer Operation-I (2150501)
Membrane Separation Processes
Prepared ByKasodariya Mayur (130110105011)
Kaumil Panchal (130110105012)
Kosha Desai
(130110105013)
Krupesh Patel
(130110105014)
Mayank Vithalani (130110105015)
Guided ByProf. Anand Metre
Content
• Introduction
• Principle of Membrane Separation
• Classification of Membrane Separation Processes
• Membrane Separation Processes (MSP)
• Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis
• Nanofiltration
• Ultrafiltration
• Microfiltration
• Application of MFPs
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• References
INTRODUCTION
Membrane
• Latin(membrana) - Skin.
• The membrane can be defined as a barrier which separates two phases and restricts
transport of various chemicals in a selective manner.
• In other words, a structure having lateral dimensions much greater than its thickness,
through which mass transfer may occur under a variety of driving forces.
o Selective barrier - It controls the exchange between the two regions adjacent to it in a very specific
manner
o Contacting barrier - Its function is mainly to contact the two regions between which the transport
occurs.
Principle of Membrane Separation
•
CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBRANE
SEPARATION PROCESSES (MSP)
• Pressure Driven Membrane Process:
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) (10-100 bar)
• Nanofiltration (NF) (10-70 bar)
• Ultrafiltration (UF) (1-10 bar)
• Microfiltration (MF) (0.5-2 bar)
• Pervaporation (PV)
• Membrane Gas Separation
Continued…
• Concentration Gradient Driven Membrane process:
• Dialysis
• Membrane Extraction
• Electrical Potential Driven Membrane Process:
• Electro Dialysis (ED)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Osmosis is a process where a weaker
saline solution will tend to migrate to
a strong saline solution.
• Examples of osmosis
• when plant roots
absorb water from the soil
• our kidneys absorb water from our blood
Continued…
• Reverse Osmosis is the process of
Osmosis in reverse.
• A reverse osmosis membrane is
a semipermeable membrane that
allows the passage of water mole
cules but not the majority of dis
solved salts, organics, bacteria and
pyrogens.
Microfiltration (MF)
• Microfiltration is defined as a membrane separation process using membranes with a pore
size of approximately 0.03 to 10 microns, a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of greater
than 1000,000 Daltons and a relatively low feed water operating pressure of approximately
100 to 400 kPa.
• Materials removed by MF include sand, silt, clays, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium
cysts, algae, and some bacterial species.
• By physically removing the pathogens, membrane filtration can significantly reduce chemical
addition, such as chlorination.
Ultrafiltration (UF)
• Ultrafiltration is a selective separation step used to both concentrate and
purify medium to high molecular weight components such as plant and dairy
proteins, carbohydrates and enzymes.
• Ultrafiltration has a pore size of approximately 0.002 to 0.1 microns, an
MWCO of approximately 10,000 to 100,000 daltons, and an operating
pressure of approximately 200 to 700 kPa (30 to 100 psi).
• UF will remove all microbiological species removed by MF (partial removal
of bacteria) and humic materials.
Nanofiltration (NF)
• Nanofiltration membranes have a nominal pore size of approximately 0.001
microns and an MWCO of 1,000 to 100,000 daltons.
• Operating pressures are usually near 600 kPa (90psi) and can be as high as
1,000 kPa.
• These systems can remove virtually all cysts, bacteria, viruses, and humic
materials.
• NF also removes hardness from water, which accounts for NF membranes
sometimes being called “softening membranes.”
REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
ULTRAFILTRATION (UF)
NANOFILTRATION (NF)
MICROFILTRATION (MF)
Applications of different Membrane separation Processes
Continued…
• Food & Beverage :Vegetable Products, Grain Products, Plant Extracts,
Organic solvent recovery, Animal Products, Fish & Seafood Products,
Biofood
• Industrial: Bio-chemicals, Distillery Products, Enzymes, Pigments and dyes,
Fine Chemicals, Process Effluent Treatment, Mining Industry
• Pharmaceuticals, Water & Product Reclamation, Process Effluent Treatment,
Recovery of CIP solutions
Advantages of Membrane Processes
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Appreciable energy savings
Clean technology with operational ease
Replaces the conventional processes
Recovery of high value products
Greater flexibility in designing systems
Hybrid process development
Disadvantages of Membrane Processes
• Membrane fouling
• Upper solid limits
• Expensive
References
• Kaushik Nath, Membrane Separation Processes, PHI publication, July 2011 ,(Pg.no:1-15,52•
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148)
Binay K Dutta, Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes PHI publication 2007,
(Pg.no:728-822)
Christine John Geankoplis, Transport Processes and Separation Processes Principles, Fourth
Edition, PHI publication 2003, (Pg.no: 840-900)
www.gea.com/global/en/binaries/general-membrane-filtration_tmc11-17109.pdf
www.hinesburg.org/.../safewaterdotorg-info-nano-ultrafiltration-reverse-osmosis.pdf
http://purtech.com/resources/basics-of-reverse-osmosis.pdf
Thank You