Transcript The Sun - LPS.org

EARTH
SUN (SOL)
Radius = 1
Radius = 109
Density =1
Density = 0.255
Gravity =1
Gravity = 28.0
Temperature ~ 300K
Temperature ~ 5,800K
Photosphere
Photosphere
1.
Very thin
2.
Emits Radiation
3.
"Photo" means "light". This is the light sphere
1.
Thin layer
2.
Cooler than Photosphere
3.
"Chromo" means "color". This is the color sphere
Chromosphere
Photosphere
1.
Very thin
2.
Emits Radiation
3.
"Photo" means "light". This is the light sphere
Transition zone
1.
Starts getting warm in a hurry
2.
Transitions from cool to hot, from Sun to Outer space.
Chromosphere
1.
Thin layer
2.
Cooler than Photosphere
3.
"Chromo" means "color". This is the color sphere
Solar Wind,
2,000,000 K
0.000,000,000,000,000,000,000,02 g / m3
Corona, very hot and very low density
1,000,000 K
.000,009 g / m3
Heat moves through convection (movement of material itself)
2,000,000 K
NO fusion
NO light given off
Heat moves through convection (movement of material itself)
2,000,000 K
NO fusion
NO light given off
Heat moves through Radiation (movement through radiation)
7,000,000 K
NO fusion
NO light given off
Energy is created through fusion of hydrogen in to helium
15,000,000 K
Getting hotter over time, started out at about 10,000,000 K
Granulation is the
tops of the
convection
Based on the total number of atoms, NOT mass. By MASS, 71% H, 27 % He
One of those protons became a neutron, so in order to keep the Conservation of
Energy happy, a positron is ejected from its nucleus.
One of those protons became a neutron, so in order to keep the Conservation of
Energy happy, a positron is ejected from its nucleus.
This Helium only has one neutron.
One of those protons became a neutron, so in order to keep the Conservation of
Energy happy, a positron is ejected from its nucleus.
This Helium only has one neutron.
Left side has 6P and 2N
Right side has 6P and 2N (& repeat)
Sunspot is a cool
place on the Sun.
Convection is not
working because of
magnetism decay in
that area. Heat not
rising.
Prominences
connect
sunspots, and
are really big.
Sunspot cycle is 11 years
Solar Cycle is 22 years
Solar flares are
outward bursts.
Coronal Mass
Ejections are
bigger than
huge.
One per day at
solar minimum,
two or three per
day at solar
True or False
1. The Sun is a rather normal star ________
2.The Sun’s average density is less than that of Earth ________
3.The Sun’s diameter is about 10 times that of Earth ________
4.Sunspots show that the Sun’s poles spin faster than the equator ________
5.Convection currents in the Sun involve cool gas rising toward the surface, and hot gas sinking to the interior ________
6.The temperature of the solar atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude ________
7.Prominences are large flames erupting from the burning surface of the Sun ________
8.Positrons are the antiparticles of electrons ________
9.Nuclei are held together by the strong force ________
Self-Test: Fill in the Blank
1.The part of the Sun that we see is called the ________
2.Traveling outward from the surface of the Sun, the main regions of the solar atmosphere are the ________, the ________,
and the ________.
3.Below the surface of the Sun, lie the ________ zone, the ________ zone and the ________ zone.
4.The most abundant element of the Sun is ________________ followed by ________________.
5.The two most abundant elements of the Sun make up about ________ percent of its composition (by number of atoms)
6.Sunspots appear dark because they are ________ than the surrounding gas of the photosphere.
7.The Sunspot cycle is ________ years long, but the solar cycle is ________ years long
8.The net result of the proton-proton chain is that ________ protons are fused into a nucleus of ________, two ________
are emitted, and energy is released in the form of ________________. Mass is ________.