Transcript Report Writing Skills

Revision Tutorial
Integrated Science 2B: Water
Report Writing Task
Exam Hints
Report writing
Report
Essay
Presents information
Presents an argument
Table of contents and numbered
pages
No contents page
Uses numbered headings and
subheadings
Minimal subheadings if any
Uses short concise paragraphs and
dot points where applicable
Links ideas into cohesive
paragraphs, rather than breaking
down into dot points
Graphics used (illustrations, tables,
graphs)
No illustrations
References required
References required
Report Format
 Title Page
 Contents
 Report information
 Headings and subheadings
 Graphics titled
 Dot points where relevant
 Bibliography
Marks
 Use note taking sheets with headings drawn
from the task sheet
 Check the marking guide
 Complete all aspects
 Use the report format described
 Add titles to graphics
 Reference correctly at least 2 more sources; 1
online and 1 using text/book
 Hand in notes, report, bibliography
Exam hints
 Semester 2 only - Water topic
 water importance & properties
 aquatic ecosystems
 water resources & sustainability
 experimental design
Exam format
 2 Hour paper
 Multiple choice
 Short Answer (6 questions)
 Extended Answer (2 parts with an
environmental problem and
experimental design component)
properties
Covalent bonding
Hydrogen bonding
Polarity
Soluble, insoluble,
immiscible
 Cohesive
 Adhesive
 Capillary action
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 Surface tension
 Density
 Salinity
ecosystems
 Osmosis
 Hypertonic,
hypotonic, isotonic
 Osmoconformer and
osmoregulator
 Eutrophication
 Bioaccumulation
 Non biodegradable
 Biomass
 Food pyramids and
webs
 Turbidity
 Photosynthesis
 Respiration
 Plankton
 Trophic
water resources & treatment
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Sedimentation
Aeration
Coagulation
Flocculation alum
Disinfection
B.O.D
Reverse osmosis
 Distillation
 Deionisation
 Skills
 Graphing (LUST)
 Calculations solution concentrations
 Explaining scientific concepts
Experimental design
 Independent Variable : manipulated variable
being investigated. It is changed in the
experimental setup
 Dependent Variable : responds to the
changes made to the independent variable
 Controlled Variables : specify (quantitate) all
variables being controlled to prevent an effect
 Hypothesis : states how the dependent
variable will change in response to the
independent variable
Design an experiment…
 Write a method which states specifically how
to conduct the experiment.
 The method describes what to change, what
to measure and record for results and how to
control all other variables.
 You will not get sufficient marks if you just list
the different types of variables. This is a
planning tool for you to write the method.
EXAMPLE
 Design an experiment to investigate if
diameter affects capillary action…
method
1. Add 1cm of coloured water at room
temperature to a petri dish.
2. Hold a hollow glass tube with a 1mm
diameter in the water and measure the
maximum height the water level reaches
inside the tube. Record the measurement.
3. Conduct 2 more trials with the 1mm tube
4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 with tubes of
diameter 2mm and 5mm.
diagram
Glass tubing
Petri dish 1cm
coloured water
expected results
 Height of the water inside the tube
decreases as the tube gets larger
Tube diameter
Maximum height of water (mm)
Trial 1
1mm
2mm
5mm
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
Eutrophication
 Excess nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)
 Sources
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Fertilisers in runoff
Detergents
Sewage
Organic matter
 Promote plant growth, especially algae
 Increased population of algae
…
 Large numbers of dead algae
 Dead organisms are broken down by
bacteria
 Increase in bacterial population - excess
food source
 Bacteria need to respire, therefore
require oxygen
…
 Lots of bacteria, lots of respiration, lots
of oxygen used, oxygen obtained from
the water
 Decrease in dissolved oxygen content of
water
 Fish kills due to chocking of waterway
(chocking = removal of oxygen)
 What causes the reduction in dissolved
oxygen in eutrophication?
Bioaccumulation
 Higher trophic levels can accumulate
heavy metals, insecticides and
pesticides … why does this occur?
…
 Compounds are not biodegradable
 They do not breakdown but are
retained in the organisms body
 Higher trophic level organisms consume
many of the organisms below them
 In doing so they retain all of the nonbiodegradable material within that
organism and it builds up
Exam Preparation
 Review syllabus (unit handout)
 Review classwork and seek additional
information (internet)
 Write study notes, prepare summaries,
concept maps, flash cards
 Memorize relevant material
 Practice questions