Transcript Antibiotics and Vaccines

ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
ANTIBIOTICS

substances that kills or weaken micro-organisms
natural – produced by bacteria or fungi
 synthetic – manufactured by humans

used in nature by bacteria and fungi to kill other
micro-organisms they compete with for resources
 used by humans to kill bacteria that cause
infection and disease

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iE-JbtxB6w
PENICILLIN
very commonly used antibiotic
 produced by moulds
 refined by humans
 kills by weakening cell walls of bacteria

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOph1n1Mdls
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
occurs when a population of
bacteria can no longer be
killed by an antibiotic
 occurs overtime when
antibiotics cannot kill all
bacteria in a population
 resistant bacteria continue
to divide and make up more
of the population
 bacteria population evolve
to be unaffected by the
antibiotic

PREVENTING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
following prescription given by the doctor
 only using antibiotics when necessary
 reducing the use of “anti-bacterial” products

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiMrcOc3HBM
VIRAL INFECTIONS
VACCINES
substances that contain weakened forms or parts
of a dangerous virus
 do not cause viral diseases
 used by humans to cause immune system to
create antibodies that will kill dangerous viruses
when exposed to active viruses

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abBpWqFV7kw
USES OF VIRUSES
creating vaccines
 delivering drugs
to target cells
 gene therapy

inserting a
missing gene into
a person’s DNA
 creating
genetically
modified
organisms

VIRONS AND PRIONS

viron
small pieces of RNA that do not have a capsid
 infect many plant species


prion
abnormally shaped proteins
 attack brain and nervous tissue
