Transcript Taxonomy

Phylogeny
Chapter 25
What you need to know!
The taxonomic categories and how they
indicate relatedness.
 How systematics is used to develop
phylogenetic trees.
 The three domains of life including their
similarities and their differences.

Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus (1701-1778)
 Mostly morphological (grouping,
separating organism due to body plans)
 Latin based binomial nomenclature:
 Each species is ID’d by genus (capital
letter) and species (lower case)

– Canis familiaris, Canis lupus, Felix
domestica, Homo Sapien
Bionomial Nomenclature
Canis familiaris
 Canis lupus
 Felix domestica
 Malus domestica
 Homo Sapien
 Names organisms and their
relationships from very broad to very
specific

All organisms classified in a
hierarchy
Taxon
Domain (broad)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (specific)
Memory
Did
King
Philip
Come
Over
From
Germany
Singing
Wolf
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Lupus
Cladistics
Grouping organisms according to their
phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationship
 Using comparative morphology
(taxonomy), and DNA analysis
 Ancestral species placed on the bottom,
with new features leading to novel
descendents
 Displays divergent evolution by showing
new characteristics and old shared
characteristics

Cladogram
Bird Cladogram
3 Domains

Bacteria
– Kingdom: Eubacteria – traditional bacteria

Archaea
– Kingdom: Archaebacteria – ancient
bacteria

Eucaryota
– Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
Animalia