Transcript HBio-Ch. 18 Classification

Differentiate
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
Classify the following
organisms as to what
group they belong
(Prokaryotes or
Eukaryotes)
Who proposed the Category Domain?
What are the three Domains of
organisms?
What are the Six Kingdoms of organisms?
What kingdom belongs under Domain
Archaea?
Activity:
1. Students will be divided into 3 groups.
2. Distribution of Activity Sheet.
3. The students will watch videos about
the Dead Sea, the Great Salt Lake and the
Yellowstone National Park.
4. Record on the activity sheet your
observation while the teacher supervised.
5. Teacher will choose one group to
present their result.
Based on the video:
1. Describe the following:
DEAD SEA, JORDAN
GREAT SALT LAKE OF UTAH, USA
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK
2. Are there organisms living in these
places?
3. Give examples of organisms living in
these places based on the video you
watched?
4. As human being, do you want to live in
these places? Why?
Kingdom Archaebacteria
 “Ancient” bacteria
The discovery in the 1977 biologists
Carl Woese studying the genetic make up
of microbes that produces methane and
sequence the ribosomal RNA, it became
obvious that their genetic sequence are
different from bacteria and were infact,
more closely related to eukaryotes
(including ourselves!) Carl Woese have
found the third from of life called Archaea.
CARL R. WOESE
Kingdom Archaebacteria
What he found was the life form that;
 able to live anywhere in the planet
including the most extreme or severe
environments.
Autotroph; that their ability to make food using
materials (H2, S, CO2) in the earth’s crust.
 Today, some biologists believe that
Archaea are the common ancestors from
which bacteria and eukaryotes evolved and
that includes you and me.
GENERAL/UNIQUE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
ARCHAEBACTERIA
Cell Type: Prokaryote
Cell Structure: Have cell wall but lacks
peptidoglycan.
Body Form: Unicellular
Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
Autotroph – (Producer) is an organism that
creates its own food by fixing carbon. In other
words autotrophs get their carbon directly from
the carbon dioxide, which they use to create
organic carbon compounds for use in their own
cells.
Heterotroph – (Consumer) comes from the Greek
word “heteros” which means “other” or “different”;
and trophe, “which means “nutrition”.
Heterotrophs get their food from getting organic
sources in their environment. This means eating
or absorbing sources of organic carbon.
PARTS OF ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Their were about
100 species in the
Archaebacteria
Kingdom.
They have also
been called
Extremophiles.
(very hot, very cold,
too acidic, too
basic, and salty)
THREE MAIN GROUPS/ EXAMPLES OF
ARCHAEBACTERIA
1. Methanogens
 these are found living in such anaerobic
environments called anaerobes.
 As muck of swamps and marshes.
Some inhabit digestive tracts of animals, human
intestine, and ponds where animal, human and
domestic wastes are treated.
Also present on bottoms of lakes, swamps and rice
fields.
 They are autotrophic: using hydrogen as a
source of energy for reducing carbon
dioxide to food and giving off methane as by
product.
they produce methane gas (if you near
rice paddies and swamps the bubbles
that pop at the water surface is methane).
Methanogens
Methane is a colorless and odorless gas.
It is lighter than air and forms explosive
mixtures with air or oxygen.
Methane is utilized as biogas, a cheap
alternative source of energy.
It taps a characteristic of certain genera
of archaebacteria to produce biogas.
These are Methanobacterium,
Methanosarcina, and Methanococcus.
Methanobacterium
Methanococcus
Methanosarcina
Methanogens
 These microorganisms break down complex
molecules of animals manure and crop wastes into
methane, a simple molecule (CH4).
The microbial action occurs in the absence of oxygen
through a process called fermentation.
There are already communities and industries which
obtain energy for their lightning and cooking fuel needs
from the biogas technology.
Examples:
Methanobacterium ruminatum – from cow stomach.
Methanospirillum hungatei – from waste treatment
ponds
Methanospirillum hungatei
Methanobacterium ruminatum
2. Halophiles
 hals Greek word for salt and phile for love.
These are found in extreme/very salty
environments such as Great Salt Lake and
Dead Sea.
Examples:
Haloccocus dombrowski
Halobacterium salinarum
2. Halophiles
Haloccocus dombrowski
Halobacterium salinarum
3. Thermophiles
 can live in a places with high temperature
(these areas include volcanic hot springs with
temperatures from 80 degrees Celsius to 110
degrees Celsius).
Also inhabit the small deep sea openings
where hot water with temperatures higher than
250 degrees Celsius come out (thermophiles
turn hydrogen sulfide (H2S) released from
these openings to food for other organisms
and in turn are provided essential nutrients
by the former.
Examples:
Pyrodictium occultum
Pyrococcus furiosus
IMPORTANCE OF THE
ARCHAEBACTERIA
 Breaking down organic matter.
Cleaning up environment.
- Archae clean up contaminated sites
example petroleum spills.
Production of antibiotics
Biogas Production
Any Questions??
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HALOPHILES
THERMOPHILES
EXTREMOPHILES
METHANOGENS
ARCHAEBACTERIA
ARCHAEA
AUTOTROPH
BIOGAS
ANAEROBES
AEROBES
BACTERIA
HETEROTROPH
DEAD SEA
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK
 Draw a simple Archaebacteria and
label its parts.
 ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is Bacteria Domain?
2. What is Kingdom Eubacteria?
3. What are the different shapes of
bacteria?
4. What are the different human
diseases causes bacteria?
THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND
GOD BLESS US ALL
Prepared by: AMYLYN MONTES
DECHAVEZ