Transcript MASS Middle TAKS Project

MASS Middle TAKS Project
Objective 1 – 8.2E
The student is expected to construct
graphs, tables, maps and charts using
tools including computers to organize,
examine, and evaluate data.
Objective 1 – Highlight from
Information Booklet
Students should be able to interpret
and evaluate graphs, charts, and
maps. Maps may include
topographic contour maps, in which
each line on the map represents a
change in elevation and differences
in spacing between lines indicate
relative steepness of slopes.
Graphs
• Bar - comparing trials/variables
• Line - change over time
• Circle (pie) - parts of a whole: %
Bar & Line Graphs
• X-axis = independent variable
(tested variable)
• Y-axis = dependent variable
(what is being measured)
• Include descriptive titles
• Include key when applicable
• Label (title) each axis including units
Monthly Precipitation in Three Cities
Y-axis label with
correct unit
abbreviation
16
14
Descriptive
Title
Key
(legend)
12
10
Precipitation
(cm)
8
Winnipeg, Canada
Izmir, Turkey
Ulan Bator, Mongolia
6
4
Y-axis
scale fills
page
2
0
J
A
N
F
E
B
M
A
R
A
P
R
M
A
Y
J
U
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J
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L
Month
A
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Bar Graph Example
S
E
P
O
C
T
N
O
V
D
E
C
X-axis
scale clear
and easy to
read
X-axis label
Bar Graphs
US Postal Service Stamp Prices
45
40
Cost of Stamp (cents)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
• Used to compare
different items or
trials
• Used to track one
item over time
• What can you say
about stamp prices
based on this
graph?
Line Graphs
Pulse Recovery Rate of
Athletes and Non-athletes
• Used to show how
two or more
variables are
related
• Used to show
change over time
• What is the
difference in pulse
rate recovery
between athletes
and non-athletes?
Circle or Pie Graphs
• Used to show
percentage of a
whole
• Always totals 100%
• See the big
picture quickly
• Where does most
of a consumer’s
money get spent?
Amount of Oxygen that can be
Dissolved in Water
Water Temperature
(°C)
Oxygen Content
(ppm)
10
11.29
15
10.10
20
9.11
25
8.27
30
7.56
Tables
• Used to organize
information
• List information in
columns or rows
• Show relationships
between two or more
variables
• Pay close attention to
the headings and the
units
• What happens as
water temperature
rises?
Flow Charts
• Special type of
diagram
• Shows steps in a
process
• Each step placed in
geometric shape or
picture
• Shapes/pictures
connected with
lines/arrows to show
order or flow
• What is the source of
oxygen?
Maps
• Diagrams
representing a
place
• Shows where
objects are located
• Usually has legend
and scale
• Where would you
expect severe
thunderstorms?
Contour Maps
Also called Topographic Maps
Drawn lines connect points of equal elevation
Lines are called contour lines
Contours make it possible to measure the height
of mountains, depths of the ocean bottom, and
steepness of slopes
• Distance between lines is called the contour
interval
• Lines close together signify steep slopes
• Lines far apart represent flat or gently sloping
areas
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Reading Contour Maps
• Contours are shown by lines of different
widths
• Contours never cross
• To help the user determine elevations,
index contours are wider
• Elevation values are printed in several
places along these lines
• Narrower intermediate & supplementary
contours found between the index
contours help to show more details of the
land surface shape
This landform drawn topographically…
…looks like this:
Index Contour (Elevation = 100’)
200’)
5 lines between index lines…
Therefore, (200
contour
interval
= 20’
Therefore,
- 100)/5
= 20
What Does It
All Mean?
• The more closely contour lines are packed
together the steeper the area; it is cliff-like
What Does It
All Mean?
• The more two contour lines are spread
apart, the flatter the area
What Does It
All Mean?
• Contour lines that form a mountain-like shape
show where water has cut a path (valley)
Remember…
• Topographic maps can help you find
elevations, trails, and places to climb
• Each contour lines represents the same
elevation everywhere on the line
• The ‘Contour Interval’ is the elevation
distance between two adjacent lines
• Scales are usually shown in inches or
centimeters
• 1:63,360 means 1 inch on the map =
63,360 inches on the ground
What is the
contour interval?
12,200 - 12,000 = 200
5 lines between index lines
200 / 5 lines = 40
Contour Interval = 40 km
Sample TAKS Questions
Objective 1
Number 5
Seed Required to Cover Circular Area
A. About 5 kg
B. About 11 kg
C. About 10 kg
D. About 8 kg
12
11
Amount of Grass Seed (kg)
A landscaping company
wants to predict the
exact amount of grass
seed to use on circular
areas. Data collected
thus far appears on the
graph. Based on this
information, how much
seed would be required
for a circular area 10 m
in diameter?
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
2
4
6
8
Circular Area Diameter (m)
10
12
A landscaping company wants to predict the
exact amount of grass seed to use on circular
areas. Data collected thus far appears on the
graph. Based on this information, how much
seed would be required for a circular area 10
m in diameter?
• Answer A is incorrect. According to
the graph at 5 kg the diameter of the
circular area would be about 8 m.
• Answer B is incorrect. According to
the graph at 11 kg the diameter of the
circular area would be about 12 m.
• Answer C is incorrect. According to
the graph at 10 kg the diameter of the
circular area would be about 11.5 m.
A landscaping company wants to predict the exact
amount of grass seed to use on circular areas.
Data collected thus far appears on the graph.
Based on this information, how much seed would
be required for a circular area 10 m in diameter?
• Answer D is correct. The line on the
graph is not linear (straight line) so the
pattern indicated will not increase at a
constant rate. From 4 m to 8 m the
amount of seed increase by
approximately 2 kg of seed. As the
graph jumps to 12 m the amount of
seed needed increased by 6 kg
indicating that the seed needed at 10 m
is 8 kg an increase of 3 kg.
Plant Growth Data - Temperature
The tables show the data
students collected about
plant growth. According to
this information, what are
the best conditions in which
to germinate these plant
seeds?
A. Cool temperatures with
indirect sun and lots of water
B. Warm temperatures with direct
sun, watering only when dry
C. Warm temperatures with
indirect sun, watering weekly
D. Hot temperatures with direct
sun, watering daily
Temperature (°C)
15
21
29
Number of Seeds
Germinated
0
8
2
Plant Growth Data - Light
Light
Condition
Direct
Sun
Indirect
Sun
Deep
Shade
Number of
Seeds
Germinated
7
4
1
Plant Growth Data - Water
Water
Regime
60 mL
daily
Enough to
moisten
only when
dry
Number of
Seeds
Germinated
6,
but 5
died
8, all
survived
60 mL
weekly
3, 1
died
The tables show the data students
collected about plant growth.
According to this information, what
are the best conditions in which to
germinate these plant seeds?
• Answer B is correct. According to the
data tables the 8 out of 8 seeds
germinated in warm temperatures. 7
out of 8 seeds germinate in direct sun
and all 8 seeds germinate when
moistened when dry.
• Answer A is incorrect. According to the
data tables, none of the plants grew at
the coldest temperature and 5 plants
died with lots of watering.
The tables show the data students
collected about plant growth.
According to this information, what
are the best conditions in which to
germinate these plant seeds?
• Answer C is incorrect. According to the
data tables only 4 of the 8 seeds
germinated and only 3 of the 8 seeds
germinated.
• Answer D is incorrect. Only 2 out of 8
seeds germinated in hot temperatures
and only 1 seed survived the daily
watering regime.
A student conducted an experiment to test how well various
nutrient media supported bacteria cultures. It was observed that
one nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and kept it going. Which
graph corresponds to the results for this medium?
A
C
Number of
Bacteria
Number of
Bacteria
Time
B
Time
D
Number of
Bacteria
Number of
Bacteria
Time
Time
A student conducted an experiment to test
how well various nutrient media supported
bacteria cultures. It was observed that one
nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and
kept it going. Which graph corresponds to
the results for this medium?
• Answer A is incorrect. According to
this graph, the medium number of
bacteria remains the same over time.
• Answer B is incorrect. According to
this graph, the number of bacteria
rose and then fell over time.
A student conducted an experiment to test
how well various nutrient media supported
bacteria cultures. It was observed that one
nutrient grew a large bacteria colony and
kept it going. Which graph corresponds to
the results for this medium?
• Answer C is correct. According to this
graph, the number of bacteria rose
quickly to large numbers and
remained high over time as requested
in the problem, “grew a large bacteria
colony and kept it going”.
• Answer D is incorrect. According to
this graph, the number of bacteria
started out high and then fell over
time.
A. Two times as many
B. Three times as many
C. Four times as many
D. Five times as many
Presence of Maggots or Flies on meat
30
Number of Maggots or Flies
Students collected data
about the number of flies or
larvae found on meat. By
day 14, about how many
more flies or larvae were
observed on meat in the
open container than on the
mesh-covered one?
25
Mesh
Covered
Beaker
Open
Beaker
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
Days After Beginning of Experiment
Students collected data about the number
of flies or larvae found on meat. By day 14,
about how many more flies or larvae were
observed on meat in the open container
than on the mesh-covered one?
• Answer A is incorrect because day 14
had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 2 x
8 would be 16, which is less than 25.
• Answer B is correct because day 14
had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x
3 = 24 which is about 25.
Students collected data about the number
of flies or larvae found on meat. By day 14,
about how many more flies or larvae were
observed on meat in the open container
than on the mesh-covered one?
• Answer C is incorrect because day 14
had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 4 x
8 would be 32, which is more than
25.
• Answer D is incorrect because day 14
had 8 covered and 25 uncovered. 8 x
5 = 40 which is much more than 25.
What is the average
elevations for houses
3, 4, and 5 to the
nearest tenth of a
meter?
111
Contour
Interval = 3 m
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What is the average elevations
for houses 3, 4, and 5 to the
nearest tenth of a meter?
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House 3 elevation = 93.0 m
House 4 elevation = 97.0 m
House 5 elevation = 99.0 m
93 + 97 + 99 = 289
289 / 3 = 96.3 m
Bubble 9 in the tens place
Bubble 6 in the ones place
Bubble 3 in the tenths place
According to the Rock Cycle
flow chart, what must first
happen to any rock in order
to make new sedimentary
rock ?
A. Subduction and
burial
B. Heat and pressure
C. Cooling and
crystallizing
D. Erosion and
transportation
According to the Rock Cycle
flow chart, what must first
happen to any rock in order to
make new sedimentary rock ?
• Answer A is incorrect because
subduction and burial lead to
melting and magma.
• Answer B is incorrect because heat
and pressure lead to the making of
metamorphic rock.
According to the Rock Cycle
flow chart, what must first
happen to any rock in order to
make new sedimentary rock ?
• Answer C is incorrect because
cooling and crystallizing lead to the
formation of igneous rocks.
• Answer D is correct because erosion
and sedimentation leads to soft
sediments, mud and sand which can
be cemented and compacted to form
sedimentary rocks.