Transcript Bacteria & Viruses - Fulton County Schools

Unit 6 – Lecture 1
Note:
 Read and LISTEN!!
 I mentioned this at the beginning of the year
and semester , but as the year progresses,
you’ll have less and less notes given on the screen…
 in this unit, you’ll have both information on the screen
itself, AND info that you’ll need to listen for
[not everything will be on the board]
 so Read and LISTEN!!
Recall Classification
 Organisms are classified by:
 cell type
 body type
 how they attain nutrition
 genetic composition
Domains
 There are three domains of Life:
 Bacteria
 Archaea
 Eukarya
Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom Eubacteria
 prokaryotic
 unicellular
Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom Eubacteria
 asexual reproduction

sometimes
with conjugation
using pili
[sing = pilus]
Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom Eubacteria
 strong cell wall
 can be autotroph
or heterotroph
 saphrophyte
 parasite
 chemoautotroph
 photoautotroph
Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom Eubacteria


found almost everywhere except for extreme
environments
some have
locomotion
 flagella
 cilia
Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom Eubacteria

three basic body shapes:
 bacillus
 coccus
 spirillum
 strep = chains
 staph = clusters
Discuss
 Summarize the characteristics of Eubacteria
and check over your notes with a partner to make sure
you got everything.
Domain: Archaea
 Kingdom Archaebacteria
 prokaryotic
 unicellular
 asexual reproduction

sometimes
with conjugation
Domain: Archaea
 Kingdom Archaebacteria
 strong cell wall
with unique
composition
 autotrophic
 photoautotroph
 chemoautotroph
Domain: Archaea
 Kingdom Archaebacteria
 closer genetically to eukaryotes than eubacteria
 live in extreme
environments
 high heat,
high salt
Discuss
 Summarize the characteristics of Archaebacteria
and check over your notes with a partner to make sure
you got everything.
Domain: Eukarya
 Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae
 very diverse but all are eukaryotic
 unicellular or multicellular
 highly organized
 sexual or asexual reproduction
Recall – Characteristics of Life
It is debatable if viruses are truly alive or not.
Discuss with a partner whether or not you think a virus
fulfills the characteristics which all living things must
have.
 organized (into cells)
 reproduces
 can pass traits to offspring
 grows/develops
 needs energy
 maintains homeostasis
 responds to stimuli
Viruses
 Multiple forms:
 helix
 icosahedral
 bacteriophage
 and more
Viruses
 Bacteriophage anatomy
 [aka T-4
bacteriophage
or just “phage”]
 head = capsid
 sheath aka tail
Nucleic
Acid
Viruses
 Reproduction
 must occur in a host cell
 two cycles:


lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
Viruses
 Lytic Cycle
 attachment
 infection
 incorporation of
nucleic acid
 replication:
viral DNA uses
host to replicate
DNA and
make more viruses
 destruction of cell
Viruses
 Lysogenic Cycle
 attachment
 infection
 incorporation of
nucleic acid
 DNA is dormant &
replicates with cell
info during cell
cycle
Viruses
 Prion – “evil misshapen protein” / viral protein
 responsible for mad cow disease which destroys
brain tissue
 recent discoveries, however, show that “normal”
prions may have an important role in keeping nerve
cells healthy
Viruses
 Uses for viruses
 vaccines
 gene therapy

Cystic
Fibrosis
Recall – Characteristics of Life
So…are viruses alive? Why or Why Not?
Which characteristics does it share with living things?
 organized (into cells)
 reproduces
 can pass traits to offspring
 grows/develops
 needs energy
 maintains homeostasis
 responds to stimuli
Homework
 Complete the worksheet on the backside of your
lecture notes
 Draw, Label & Color Bacteria & Viruses