Transcript Eukaryote - Effingham County Schools

Classification Review
A. How are living things classified?
1. Biologists use Taxonomy- science of
classifying and giving a scientific name to
organisms.
a. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming
system. Each species name has two
parts: Genus name and Species name,
usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs
belong to species Canis familiaris .
B. Who started all this?
• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th
Century, developed two name system.
1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to
taxonomy.
2. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of
organization, each level called a taxon (taxapl.)
3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of
two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae
4. Today we have 6 kingdoms
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
King
Kingdom
Scientific Name=
Phillip
Phylum
Came
Class
Ex: Homo sapien
Over
Order
Rules:
For
Great
Spaghetti
Genus and Species
1.
Genus is always
capitalized and species
is always lower case.
2.
Both are always
italicized or underlined
Family
Genus
Species
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Did
DOMAIN
King
Kingdom
Scientific Name=
Phillip
Phylum
Came
Class
Ex: Homo sapien
Over
Order
Rules:
For
Genus and Species
1.
Genus is always
capitalized and species
is always lower case.
2.
Both are always
italicized or underlined
Family
Great
Genus
Spaghetti ?
Species
The scientific name for the emperor penguin is
Aptenodytes forsteri. From this name we
can conclude that
Genus
Species
a. This penguin lives in a cold environment
b. This organism is native to North America
c. This penguin belongs in the genus
Aptendytes
d. All of the above
Practice #1 on your
cheat sheet
Classification of Ursus arctos
Section 18-1
Grizzly bear Black bear
Giant
panda
Red fox
Coral Sea star
Abert
squirrel snake
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
Species name is most
specific!
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Go to
Section:
Practice #2 on
your cheat sheet
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of
Kingdoms
and Domains
Section
18-3
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
CELL TYPE
CELL
STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Protista
Fungi
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls
No nucleus
Cilia,
flagella
Cell walls
No nucleus
Cilia, flagella
Cell walls of
Cell walls of
cellulose in
chitin
some; some
have
chloroplasts
cilia, flagella
Unicellular
Unicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph/
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Strep.,
E- coli
X-tremophiles
Go to
Section:
Eukarya
Eukaryote
Most
Most
multicellular;
unicellular;
some
some
unicellular
multicellular
Plantae
Eukaryote
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
Animalia
Eukaryote
No cell walls
or
chloroplasts
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Amoeba,
Paramecium, Mushrooms,
yeasts
slime molds,
giant kelp
Mosses,
ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects,
fishes,
mammals
E. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Only recently recognized
as a separate bacteria
kingdom
• Live in very extreme
environments
• Have a cell wall and
some use flagella for
movement
• Unicellular – single celled
• Prokaryote – simple cell
with no nucleus
• Reproduce asexually
• Can be helpful & harmful
F. Kingdom Eubacteria
• Largest of the two
bacteria kingdoms & can
live almost anywhere
• Have cell walls and some
use flagella for movement
• Unicellular – single celled
• Prokaryote – simple cell
with no nucleus
• Reproduce Asexually
• Can be helpful & harmful
G. Kingdom Protista
• Eukaryote – complex cell
with a nucleus
• Most reproduce
asexually, some sexually
• Very diverse kingdom
• Can be autotrophs
(producers) or
heterotrophs (consumers)
• Can be unicellular or
multicellular
• Examples: Algae,
Amoeba, Diatoms,
POND
Euglena
WATER
H. Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryote – complex cell
with a nucleus
• Mostly Multicellular
(except yeast)
• Can reproduce asexually
with spores or sexually
• Heterotrophs
(consumers) – they eat!
• Important decomposers
• Examples: Mushrooms,
mold, lichens
I. Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryote – complex cell
with a nucleus
• Multicellular
• Autotrophs (producers) –
they carry out
photosynthesis
• Reproduce sexually with
pollen or asexually
• Cell wall made of
cellulose
J. Kingdom Animalia
• Hey! That’s You!
• Eukaryote – complex
cell with a nucleus
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs
(consumers)
• Reproduce sexually
• Examples: insects,
fish, humans
Practice #3 on
your cheat sheet
Suppose that scientists discovered a new
unicellular organism. This new organism
has chloroplasts which help it carry out
photosynthesis. It is a producer. It also has
cilia which help the organism move. Which
kingdom should it be placed in?
a.Plantae
b.Animalia
c.
d.
Fungi
Protista
Practice #4 on
your cheat sheet
You collect an organism from a
boiling hot spring and find it has
no cell nucleus. The organism is
most likely apart of which
kingdom?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Archaebacteria
Practice #5 on
your cheat sheet
Choose the Kingdom
Organism is eukaryotic
All are multicellular
All are autotrophic
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Fungi
Protist
Plant
Animal
Dichotomous key
• Series of questions that can be answered in only
one or two ways.
• Once you complete the question series you will
be able to identify your organisms.
• Question are very specific and based on
physical appearances
Practice #6 on
your cheat sheet
Using the dichotomous key below, identify bird X
A.Certhidea
B.Geospiza
C. Camarthynchus
D. Platyspiza
Practice #7 on
your cheat sheet