Transcript Carbohydrates - Dearborn High School

Carbohydrates
Regents Biology
CH2OH
H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
Carbohydrates:
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
2006-2007
H
OH
Carbohydrates
 Building block molecules = sugars
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
 Function:

quick energy

energy storage

structure
glucose
C6H12O6
 cell wall in plants
sucrose
 Examples

sugars

starches

cellulose (cell wall)
Regents Biology
starch
Sugars = building blocks
 Names for sugars usually end in -ose
glucose
 fructose
 sucrose
 maltose
CH2OH

Regents Biology
H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
H
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
Building carbohydrates
 Synthesis
monosaccharides
|
glucose
Regents Biology
|
glucose
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
maltose
Building carbohydrates
 Synthesis
monosaccharides
|
glucose
Regents Biology
|
fructose
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
BIG carbohydrates
 Polysaccharides

starch
 energy storage in plants
 potatoes

glycogen
 energy storage in animals
 in liver & muscles

cellulose
 structure in plants
 cell walls

chitin
 structure in arthropods & fungi
Regents Biology  exoskeleton
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
Regents Biology
enzyme
enzyme
Cellulose
 Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well
 most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

 that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
 cellulose = roughage
 stays undigested
 keeps material
moving in your
intestines
Regents Biology
Cow
can digest cellulose well;
no need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well;
must add another sugar
source, like fruit to diet
Regents Biology
Helpful bacteria
 How can cows digest cellulose so well?

BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Regents Biology
EAT
Let’s build
X some
Carbohydrates!
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Activities
 building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules
 eat carrots, celery, cookies
Regents Biology