Food Energy through Ecosystems- Reg Bio

Download Report

Transcript Food Energy through Ecosystems- Reg Bio

Energy Flow in
an Ecosystem
copyright cmassengale
1
Energy Flow
• Energy in an ecosystem originally
comes from the sun
• Energy flows through Ecosystems
from producers to consumers
– Producers (make food)
– Consumers (use food by eating
producers or other consumers)
copyright cmassengale
2
Producers
• Sunlight is the main
source of energy
for most life on
earth.
• Producers contain
chlorophyll & can
use energy directly
from the sun
copyright cmassengale
3
Autotrophs
• An Autotroph is any organism
that can produce its own food
supply!
• Autotrophs are also called
Producers
• Plants, algae, some protists, &
some bacteria are examples
copyright cmassengale
4
Niche of a Producer
• Captures energy and transforms
it into organic, stored energy for
the use of living organisms.
• May be photoautotrophs using
light energy (e.g. plants)
• May be chemoautotrophs using
chemical energy (e.g.
cyanobacteria)
copyright cmassengale
5
Photoautotroph
Producer That Captures Energy
from the sun by:
– Photosynthesis
• Adds Oxygen to the
atmosphere
• Removes Carbon Dioxide from
the Atmosphere
Algae
copyright cmassengale
6
Habitat of Photoautotrophs
• On Land
– Plants
• In The Sea
– Algae
• Tidal Flats & Salt Marshes
– Cyanobacteria
copyright cmassengale
7
Chemoautotrophs
• Capture energy from
the bonds of inorganic
molecules such as
Hydrogen Sulfide
• Process is called
Chemosynthesis
• Often occurs in deep
sea vents or gut of
animals
copyright cmassengale
Called a Black
smoker (thermal
vent)
8
Tube Worms living in Black
Smoker
copyright cmassengale
9
Consumers
Heterotrophs eat other
organisms to obtain
energy. (e.g. animals)
• Herbivores
– Eat Only Plants
• Carnivores
– Eat Only Other Animals
copyright cmassengale
10
Consumers
Heterotrophs eat other organisms
to obtain energy.
• Omnivores (Humans)
– Eat Plants & Animals
• Detritivores (Scavengers)
– Feed On Dead Plant & Animal
Remains (buzzards)
• Decomposers
– Fungi & Bacteria
copyright cmassengale
11
Feeding Relationships
Energy flows
through an
ecosystem in
one direction
from producers
to various
levels of
consumers
copyright cmassengale
12
Feeding Relationships
• Food Chain
– Simple Energy path through an
ecosystem
• Food Web
– More realistic path through an
ecosystem made of many food
chains
copyright cmassengale
13
Food Chain
1st
order
Consumer
2nd Order
Consumer
3rd
Order
consumer
4th Order
Consumer
Producer (trapped
sunlight & stored food)
copyright cmassengale
14
Name the Producer, Consumers
& Decomposers in this food
chain:
copyright cmassengale
15
copyright cmassengale
16
Food Web
copyright cmassengale
17
copyright cmassengale
18
Trophic Levels
Each Level In A Food Chain or Food
Web is a Trophic Level.
• Producers
– Always The First Trophic Level
– How Energy Enters The System
• Herbivores
– Second Trophic Level
copyright cmassengale
19
Trophic Levels
• Carnivores/Omnivores
– Make Up The Remaining
Trophic Levels
Each level depends on the
one below it for energy.
copyright cmassengale
20
Ecological Pyramids
Graphic Representations Of The
Relative Amounts of Energy or
Matter At Each Trophic Level
May be:
Energy Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers
copyright cmassengale
21
Lets Practice
copyright cmassengale
22
Energy Pyramid
copyright cmassengale
23
Biomass Pyramid
copyright cmassengale
24
Pyramid of Numbers
copyright cmassengale
25
copyright cmassengale
26