Transcript Chp 21 Nail Diseases and Disorders

Nail Diseases
Is influenced by nutrition, general
health, & disease
Nail Diseases
 Determining
the difference between a
nail disease and a nail disorder is very
important, because they are not the
same and require different types of
attention.
 The Basic Manicure/Pedicure Rule: If
the nail or skin is infected, inflamed,
broken or swollen, do not work on it-particularly, if the cause is unknown.
Nail Diseases
A disease or infection will have evidence of
pus, inflammation and infection. If an infection
is present in the nail, your health advisor
should be consulted. Do not
manicure/pedicure these nails.
 A disorder is a condition caused by an injury
or an imbalance in the body.
 The condition of one's nails and hair is often
an outward manifestation of inward nutrition.
What we do to our bodies is one thing; how
our bodies respond is often based on the
nutrients with which it has been supplied.
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Nail disorders and diseases
 Nail
disorders and diseases are certainly not
the most glamorous portion of your training
in cosmetology, but they could be one of the
most critical
 If the area to be worked on is inflamed,
infected, broken, or swollen, it should be
referred to a physician
Onychosis
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Onychosis: any disease, disorder, or condition of the
nail.
1. To protect yourself and the client nail services
should not be performed.
2. If a disease is present, the client must be referred
to a physician.
3. If a disorder is present, a nail service may be done
with extra care.
4. If a condition is present, nail services can be
performed with the proper techniques, products, and
nutrition.
Onychosis
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Determine Onychosis
1. Identify the disease, disorder, or condition.
2. Identify etiology or cause of the disease, disorder,
or condition; which could be internally,
environmentally or or disease related.
3. Identify the onychosis (diagnosis) and give an
outlook (prognosis).
4. Suggest home care products and treatments.
Analyze the Hands
 When
you are examining the hands and
nails there are six signs of infection to
look for; pain, swelling, redness, local
fever, throbbing, and pus.
 If any of these signs are present, you
cannot perform services, but instead
refer that person to a physician.
 Key
Point: Any person with a nail disease
must be referred to a physician
 Key
Point: Clients with a nail disorder may
receive a service unless infection is present.
Nail Growth
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Grows forward, starting at
matrix & extending over
digit tip
Grows in a variety of
shapes
Average growth is 1/8”
per month
Grows faster in summer
than winter
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Children's nails grow
faster than adults
Middle finger nail grows
fastest
Thumbnail grows slowest
Toenails grow slower than
fingernails, but are harder
& thicker
Nail Malformation
 Disease,
injury or infection can affect the
formation of the nails
 If matrix remains in good condition, a
normal nail will be replaced
 Replacement normally takes four to six
months
Nail Disorders
 A condition
caused by injury to the nail or
disease or imbalance in the body
 You must recognize those conditions you
can treat & those which must be referred to
a physician
 if
the area to be worked on is inflamed,
infected, broken, or swollen, refer to a
physician
Nail Disorders
 Blue
or discolored nails
 caused
by poor blood circulation, a heart
disorder, or topical & oral medications
 discoloration may indicate the presence of a
systemic disorder
 clients
can benefit from regular manicures w/ polish,
artificial tips or wraps
Bruised nails
 Caused
by a blood clot forming under the
nail plate resulting in a dark purplish spot
 due
to injury
 treat gently, avoid pressure
Eggshell nails
Noticeably thin, white
nail plate & more flexible than normal
 Nail separates from nail bed & curves at free edge
 Caused by improper diet, internal disease,
medication, or nervous disorders
 Be very careful & gentle as these nails are fragile
& break easily
 Use fine emery board, no metal pusher
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Corrugations ( wavy ridges )
 Caused
by uneven growth of nails
 usually
a result of illness or injury
 Carefully
buff nails
 Use ridge filler w/ colored polish to give
smooth look
Furrows ( depressions )
Can run lengthwise or
Crosswise
Result from illness,
injury to cells or
matrix , pregnancy or
stress
Fragile
Hangnail or agnail
 Condition
where the
cuticle splits around
the nail
 Caused by dryness
of cuticle, cutting
off too much cuticle
or carelessly
removing cuticle
tissue
Leukonychia
 White
spots, whitish discoloration
 Caused by injury to base of nail
 Will grow off and not a sign of disease
Melanonychia
 Darkening
of fingernails or
toenails
 Black band under or within
the nail plate, extending
from the base to the free
edge
 Melanocytes (pigment cells)
within the matrix bed
Onychatrophia
 Atrophy
or wasting away
of the nail
 Nail loses its luster,
becomes smaller &
sometimes is shed
entirely
 Injury or disease might
account for this nail
irregularity
Onychauxis or hypertrophy
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Overgrowth of nail, usually in thickness rather than length
Caused by local infection or internal imbalance but can
also be hereditary
Onychophagy
 Bitten
nails
 Result of
nervous habit
 Help client to
overcome this
habit by offering
frequent
manicures
Onychorrhexis
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Abnormal brittleness
with striation (lines) of
nail plate
Injury to the finger,
careless filing of the
nails, vit deficiencies,
illness, frequent
exposure to strong soap
and water and excessive
use of cuticle solvents
and nail polish removers
can cause this disorder
Plicatured nail – “folded nail”
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Surface of nail is
generally flat while
one or both of the
edges of the plate are
folded at an angle of
90 degrees or more
down into the softtissue nail margins
Result from injury
that deforms the
matrix bed
Pterygium
 Forward
growth of the eponychium (cuticle),
with adherence to the surface of the nail
 Usually this disorder is reversible
 Do not push cuticle back, this will cause
more injury to the tissues
Tile-shaped
 Increased
crosswise
curvature throughout
the nail plate
 Caused by an increased
curvature of the matrix
bed itself
 Borders are parallel to
each other
Trumpet or pincer nail
 Disorder
in which the
edges of the nail plate
curl around to form the
shape of a trumpet or
cone at the free edge
 Nail bed becomes
constricted and may be
painful
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Bacterial infection
Discoloration is actually a bacterial
infection that is naturally occurring bacteria
on our skin but can grow out of control and
cause an infection under certain conditions
Caused by the use of implements that are
contaminated with bacteria
Pseudomonas aeruginosaa
 Maybe
avoided by strict sanitary
precautions
 Do no take shortcuts or omit any of the
sanitation steps when performing an
artificial nail service
 Do not perform services for clients who are
suspected off having fungus on their nails
Pseudomonas aeruginosaa
 It
is easily killed by exposure to air
(anaerobic bacteria)
Onychosis
 Technical
term applied to any deformity or
disease of the nails
Onychia
Is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail with
formation of pus and shedding of the nail
 Improperly disinfected nail implements and
bacteria infection can cause this disease
 Can be caused by a skin opening that allows entry
of bacteria, fungi, or foreign materials
 Be careful not to cause an abrasion or opening in
the tissues around the nail plate while performing
a nail service
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Onychocryptosis
 Ingrown
nails, affect
fingers or toes
 Nail grows into the
sides of the tissue
around the nail
 Do no work on an
infected ingrown nail,
refer to a physician
Onychogryposis – onychogryphosis
Thickening and increased curvature of the nail
 Also called “ram’s horn nail” and is usually the
result of injury to the matrix
 My be hereditary and can also occur as the result
of long-term neglect
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Onycholysis
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Loosening of the
nail without
shedding
Usually beginning
at the free edge &
continuing to the
lunula
Associated w/
internal disorder,
trauma, infection,
nail fungi, and
allergy to nail
enhancement
products, & drug
treatments
Onychomadesis
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Separation & falling off of a nail from
the nail bed
Most cases, the cause is traced to a
localized infection, minor injuries to
the matrix bed, or severe systemic
illness
Chemotherapy treatments or X-rays
treatments for cancer may also cause it
When the nail is removed, a new nail
plate will form
Onychophosis
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Growth of horny epithelium in the nail bed
Onychophyma
 Denotes
swelling of the nail
Onychoptosis
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Periodic shedding of one or more
nails, in whole or in part
This condition \might follow
certain diseases such as syphilis, or
can result from fever, trauma,
system upsets, or a reaction to
prescription drugs
Paronychia
or Felon
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Bacterial inflammation of
tissues surrounding the nail
Pus, along w/ a gradual
thickening & brownish
discoloration of nail plate
“Runaround Paronychia”
when the infection is around
the entire nail
Chronic Paronychia is most
often caused by a yeast
infection of the soft tissues
Individuals who work in
water a lot are prone to this
type of infection
Pyogenic granuloma
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Severe inflammation of the nail
in which a lump of red tissue
grows up from the nail bed to the
nail plate
Tinea pedis
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Medical term for athlete’s foot
or ringworm of the foot
Appear as isolated blisters or
in groups can spread over the
sole & between the toes,
perhaps involving the nail fold
& infecting the nail
Fungus infection of the feet is
likely to become chronic
Tinea unguium or onychomycosis
or ringworm of the nail
Tinea Unguium or Onychomycosis
or ringworm of the nail
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Ringworm of the nails
Common form is whitish patches that can be scraped off
the surface of the nail
Second form is long, yellowish streaks within the nail
substance
Invades free edge & spreads toward the root
Third form, deeper layers of the nail are invaded, causing
the superficial layers to appear irregularly thin
Know your nails……
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Many cosmetology professional are interested in nails
because of the creative opportunities that can be explored
there
As with every other area of cosmetology, the creativity
must be rounded in a full awareness of the structure and
physiology of the body part with which you are working
Working on good, strong, healthy nails can be a pleasure
Working on unhealthy nails can be a danger, both to your
clients and to yourself
Begin with the knowledge and grow from there