Transcript People - University of Kentucky

UNIT TWO LESSON 6
Cholesterol
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, participants should be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe the relationship between diabetes and heart disease
Explain good and bad cholesterol
List foods that are high in cholesterol
Describe ways to lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL
cholesterol
5. Set goals to lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol
6. Describe feelings and experiences about living with diabetes
7. Identify ways to modify everyday recipes to fit
into the diabetes meal plan
L-esson
Diabetes and Cholesterol
If you have diabetes what should you know about
cholesterol?
• High levels of blood cholesterol can lead to heart disease
• Heart disease is more common in people with diabetes
• People with diabetes and heart disease are two to four
times more likely to die from heart disease
• You should have your blood cholesterol level checked by
your doctor at least once a year
The Good News
A person with diabetes who lowers his or her LDL
cholesterol can reduce cardiovascular complications by
20-50%.
What You Should Know about
Cholesterol
 The body makes cholesterol
 It is found in all cells of the body
 It is only found in animal products
What You Should Know about
Cholesterol
Foods high in cholesterol:
 Beef
 Veal
 Lamb
 Pork
 Liver and other organ meats
 Egg yolk
Types of Cholesterol
 LDL “bad” cholesterol
 HDL “good” cholesterol
LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 LDL stands for low density lipoprotein
 It is called the “bad” cholesterol because it carries
cholesterol to your arteries and increases the risk of a
heart attack
LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 The higher the level of LDL cholesterol in the blood, the
greater your risk for heart disease
 Lowering your level of LDL cholesterol lowers your risk
of heart disease
 The goal for a person with diabetes or heart disease is
to have a blood cholesterol level below 100 mg/dL
Diabetes and High LDL
Cholesterol
1. People with diabetes generally have excess glucose
in the blood
2. The excess blood glucose sticks to the LDL
cholesterol
3. This glucose-coated LDL stays in the blood longer
and forms plaque, beginning the process of heart
disease
Ways to Lower LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 Control body weight
 Excess weight raises your level of
LDL “bad” cholesterol and
increases your risk for developing
heart disease
 Being overweight also makes it
difficult for your body to use the
insulin it makes and to remove
glucose from the blood
Ways to Lower LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 Limit or eat less of foods that are high in trans fat,
saturated fat, and cholesterol
 Trans and saturated fat raise blood levels of LDL
cholesterol more than cholesterol from the food we eat
 It is important to read food labels carefully so that you are
aware of the foods that provide trans fat and saturated fat
Trans Fat and Saturated Fat
Foods that contain
trans fat:
Foods that contain
saturated fat:
 Doughnuts, cookies, cakes,
 Fatty meats, chicken skin, whole
French fries, onion rings
milk and whole milk products,
butter, lard
Ways to Lower LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 Include oats, oatmeal, dried peas and beans, and fruits
and vegetables in your diet daily
 These foods are good sources of soluble fiber that
have been shown to lower LDL cholesterol
 Use fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk, milk products, and
cheeses
Ways to Lower LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 Increase your intake of good oils, such as canola and
olive oil, and good fats, such as avocado and walnuts
 Decrease your intake of solid fats, such as butter, lard
and shortening
Ways to Lower LDL “bad” Cholesterol
 Take medication as prescribed by your doctor
 Sometimes making changes in your diet and increasing
exercise is not enough to lower your level of “bad”
cholesterol
 Your doctor will decide which type of medication is
best to lower your cholesterol
HDL “good” Cholesterol
 HDL stands for high density lipoprotein
 This is called the “good” cholesterol because it moves
cholesterol from tissues to the liver. Good cholesterol
does not clog up the arteries of the heart
 The higher the level of HDL in the blood, the lower your
risk for heart disease
HDL “good” Cholesterol
 People with diabetes tend to have low HDL cholesterol
levels in the blood which increases their chances of
getting heart disease
 You want your level of HDL to be “high,” or greater
than 60 mg/dL
Ways to Raise HDL “good”
Cholesterol
 Take part in 30 minutes or more of
physical activity on five or more days of
the week
 Avoid smoking
 Smoking lowers your level of HDL
 Lose excess weight
Ways to Raise HDL “good”
Cholesterol
 Use olive and canola oils in cooking
 Use soy-based products, such as tofu
and soy milk
 Add more fiber to your diet
 The fiber found in oats, fruits,
vegetables, and peas and beans can
raise HDL cholesterol and lower LDL
cholesterol
What You Should Know about
Triglyceride
 Most of the fats in food and in our bodies are in the
form of triglycerides
 When diabetes is not controlled triglyceride levels are
high
 People with high triglyceride levels also have high LDL
and low HDL cholesterol levels
What is normal
triglyceride level?
 People with diabetes should have a blood triglyceride
level less than 150 mg/dL
Ways to lower
Triglyceride Level
 Lose weight
 Be involved in physical activity such as walking, biking,
dancing, and swimming for at least 30 minutes on five
or more days of the week
Ways to Lower
Triglyceride Level
 Eat less beef, beef fat, veal, lamb, pork, lard, poultry
fat, butter, cream, milk, cheeses and other dairy
products made from whole and 2 % milk
Ways to Lower
Triglyceride Level
 Use olive and
canola oils and
liquid margarine
 Limit alcohol.
Even small
amounts can
raise triglyceride
levels
Ways to lower
Triglyceride Level
 Improve blood glucose control
Putting it together
 Share what you learned about diabetes and cholesterol
E-mpowerment
Diabetes Education Series: Cholesterol
Diabetes Education Series
 How would you describe your experiences and feelings
living with diabetes and cholesterol?
 What was most difficult for you?
 What are ways that you could overcome some of these
difficulties?
A-ction
Did you accomplish the goal you set last week?
Your goal is to have your LDL , HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels
checked.
This is a goal on your Diabetes Checklist.
R-eal-Life Problem Solving
Monica’s Story
Monica’s Story
Questions about
Monica’s Story
 What is Monica’s problem?
 What are some ways in which she can solve her
problem?
 What do you think would work best for her and why?
 What would you do if you were in Monica’s situation?
Questions about
Monica’s Story
 Please find the Real-Life Problem Solving handout for
this lesson in your folder
 These questions will help with your understanding of
Monica’s story
N-utrition
Menu
Vegetable Fried Rice
Fresh Peaches in Yogurt
See you next week!
Topic: The Diabetes Food Pyramid
Author: Ingrid Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Professor , Nutrition and
Food Science, University of Kentucky
Other Contributors
Margaret E. Cook-Newell, Ph.D., R.D., L.D.,
CDE
Irene Hong-McAtee, MD, MCR
Date:
Hazel Forsythe, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CFCS
Stephen D. Perry, M.S., R.D., L.D.
References:
Pam Sigler, M.S.
Adrienne Glodt, B.S., Graduate Student
Lynn Blankenship, M.S., Metcalfe County
Laura Hieronymus, MSEd, APRN, BC-ADM,
CDE
Theresa Scott, M.A., Floyd County
Cheryl Case, M.S., Harrison County
Tamara Thomas, M.S., Franklin County
Ann Hollon, M.A., Wolfe County
Rusty Manseau, B.A., Graphic Artist