Transcript Document

Anatomy Review
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Mouth
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Stomach
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Hepatobiliary Tree
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Small Intestine
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Large Intestine
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Oral Cavity Bacterial Diseases
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Dental Plaque
– Accumulations of ________ (biofilm)
– May calcify
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Dental Caries
– _______________________
– Lactic acid erodes dental enamel
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Periodontal disease
– Tooth support structures
– _______________ – gum inflammation
– _________________ – root of tooth also affected
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Oral Cavity Viral Diseases
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Mumps – Paramyxovirus
– URT and salivary glands are affected
– Resurgence recently due to complacency and failure to
vaccinate
– Complications – male sterility, meningitis, eye, ear
infections, attack on other exocrine/ endocrine glands
glands
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Gastrointestinal Bacterial Intoxications
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis
– High starch or cream content, high protein foods
– Foods subjected to temperature abuse
• Cooked foods need to be covered/refrigerated to
avoid bacterial growth and toxin production
– Toxin can survive 30 minutes of boiling
– Low mortality
– Diarrhea symptoms 1-8 hr after food consumption
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Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxicosis
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Casseroles
Anaerobic bacterium
Toxin produced during ____________
formation
Diarrhea 8-24 hr after food consumption
Self-limiting
*Also causes gas gangrene, see Nervous
System diseases
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Gastrointestinal Bacterial Intoxications
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Botulism (______________________)
– Consumed toxin can cause flaccid paralysis
– Life support needed to prevent suffocation
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Bacillus cereus
– Food poisoning associated with rice/ meat
contamination
– Found in water and soil
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Pseudomonas cocovenenans
– Polynesian coconut contamination
– Food poisoning may be fatal
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Bacterial Infections
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Enteritis
– Inflammation of the intestine
– Physical damage
• Invasion of cells by bacteria
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Dysentery
• Submucosal damage leads to blood and
mucus in the stool
– Gram negative bacteria may cause fever to
accompany symptoms
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Bacterial Infectious Disease
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Salmonellosis
– Poultry and poultry products
– ___________________________
• 2000 strains
• Notifiable disease
• Strains help to trace public health
problems to their source
– Diarrhea 8-24 hr after food consumption
– Self limiting, low mortality in infants and
elderly
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Typhoid Fever
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__________________________
Human reservoir only
Fever headache diarrhea
Many organs invaded
Less than 500 cases/yr in U.S.A.
Drugs Good public health measures prevent
transmission
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Bacterial Infections
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Shigellosis
_______________________
and others
_____________ are a
reservoir
Contaminated water
assists spread
10 bacteria may be enough
to cause diarrheal disease
450,000 cases/yr in U.S.A.
Symptoms for 2-7 days,
self limiting
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Asiatic Cholera
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–
____________________
Developing nations
Rice water stool
Death due to
__________________
– Rehydration therapy
may be more effective
than antibiotics
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Bacterial Intestinal Infection
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Vibriosis
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_________________________
Seafood associated
Marine bacteria, may also infect wounds
Self limiting 2-5 days
Traveller’s Diarrhea
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____________________ is a common pathogen
Water sources
Dehydration is biggest danger
Complications – IBS , lactose intolerance
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Bacterial Infections
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
– ______________________
– Shiga toxins cause intestinal hemorrhage,
kidney failure, blindness
– Children most sensitive
– Ground beef, uncooked produce
– 3000 cases/yr estimated, 30 deaths in U.S.A.
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Bacterial Infectious Disease
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_________________________
– Food/H2O borne, copious diarrhea
– Opportunistic
– Second only to Salmonella in
incidence
– Animal intestines are source
– Fluid replacement most important
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Bacterial Upper G.I. Disease
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Peptic Ulcer/Chronic Gastritis
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__________________________
Neutralizes stomach acid by degrading urea
4 million sufferers in U.S.A.
Treatment
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Viral Gastrointestinal Disease
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Viral Enteritis
– Rotavirus
– Entrovirus
– Norwalk virus
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Viral Hepatitis
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Hepatitis A (HAV)
– RNA virus
– Oral-fecal transmission
– Family transmission or contaminated
water/shellfish
– 15 – 40 day incubation
– Jaundice, fever, malaise, nausea, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, anorexia
– 50% of cases asymptomatic
– Self-limiting, immunity is gained
– Vaccine since 1995
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Hepatitis B
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Ds DNA virus
Blood to blood transmission
Symptoms as for HAV but liver cell damage is occurring
Vaccine recommended for all health care workers since
1986
Also recommended for infants (90% will become chronic
carriers)
Carrier status linked to cirrhosis and liver cancer in later life
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Protozoan GI Disease
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Giardia lamblia
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Balantidium coli
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Entameba histolytica
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