Transcript Chapter 14 : Classification of Organisms

Chapter 14 : Classification of
Organisms
 Taxonomy is the
science of naming and
classifying organisms.
 In this chapter you will
learn about the
classification system of
organisms, as well as
how to identify the
scientific name of
organisms.
Scientific Names
 Every “known” organisms
is given a scientific name.
These names are in latin
and represent the genus
and species of the
organism.
 Using two names to
identify an organism is
known as binomial
nomenclature.
mountain lion Felis concolor
Scientific Names
 A scientific name
capitilizes the genus
and lower case is used
for the species. Both
the genus and species
are written in italics.
 Homo sapiens - you
Classifying Organisms
 Carl Linnaeus arranged
for a system of
classifying organisms
which uses different
groups or taxa.
 The form and structure
of an organism is used
to determine to which
groups or taxa it
belongs to.
Groups : Domain
 All living things are
grouped into one of
three domains:
 Archaea: prokaryotic
 Bacteria: prokaryotic
 Eukarya: eukaryotic
cells
Archaea : bacteria
which live in extreme
environments
Groups
• The following are the modern groups in which organisms
are classified into :
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
Kingdoms
 There Eukarya Domain
is divided into 4
Kingdoms:




Animalia : animals
Plantae: plants
Fungi : mushrooms,
etc.
Protozoans/algae:
small organisms
protozoans
Kingdom Animalia
 The animal kingdom is divided into 9 smaller
groups called phyla’s.
 Each phyla is divided into groups called classes.
 Classes are divided into smaller groups called
orders, orders divided into families, families into
genus’s, and finally the species.
Classification
• Organisms are then
classified based upon
their structures and
similarities.
• The species is the basic
unit of classification.
How Biologists Classify
 Biologists define a
species as a group of
natural interbreeding
populations.
 Species are classified
as to their cellular
structure, and overall
structure, as well as
their populations.
Classification Criteria
 Classification of a species
also uses its evolutionary
history (phylogeny).
 Cladistics is a method of
analysis of similar species
in the past. A cladogram
compares similar species
and changes from the fossil
record of the past.