Transcript Earth, Moon, and Beyond

Earth, Moon, and Beyond
Chapter 9
Day and Night
The sun is the star at
the center of our solar
system.
The cycle of day and
night occurs because
Earth rotates, or spins
on its axis.
Earth’s axis is an
imaginary line that
passes through the
North and South Poles.
24 hour cycle
Earth’s Seasons
Earth revolves or travels in a
path around the sun. This path
is called Earth’s orbit.
Seasons are produced by
Earth’s tilt on its axis.
Earth is divided into 2
hemispheres by the equator
which is an imaginary line.
When it is summer in the
Northern Hemisphere it is
winter in the Southern
Hemisphere.
High and Lows
Seasons at the North and
South Pole are very
different from other places.
In the summer the poles get
6 months of daylight and no
darkness. In winter there
are 6 months of darkness
and no daylight.
The South Pole has vey low
temperatures all year long.
The Moon
Any natural body that
revolves around a planet.
Rocky
Made up of aluminum,
oxygen, calcium, silicon,
and iron.
Contains craters which are
bowl shaped areas on the
surface.
No atmosphere or water.
The Moon and the Earth
No Liquid
Water or
Air
Craters
Liquid
Water
Rocky
Moon
Earth
Dense
Revolves
Around
A Planet
Same
Elements
Atmosphere
Phases of the Moon
The moon travels around
the Earth.
The moon rotates as it
revolves.
The moon rotates slower
than the Earth.
The moon does not give
off its own light.
As the moon orbits the
Earth its position in the
sky changes.
A moon phase is one of
the shapes the moon
seems to have as it orbits
Earth.
The cycle takes 29 ½
days.
The side of the moon we
can not see from Earth
was once called the dark
side of the moon. This is
incorrect because all
sides of the moon
receives light.
Eclipses
Occurs when one body in
space blocks light from
reaching another body.
On Earth, we see solar and
lunar eclipses.
A solar eclipse occurs when a
new moon casts a shadow on
Earth.
A lunar eclipse occurs when a
full moon passes through the
shadow of Earth.
Phases of the Moon
The Sun and Other Stars
The sun is a star which is a huge ball of
hot gases in space.
The sun is the center of our solar
system.
A solar system is made up of a star and
planets and objects that revolve around
that star.
The sun is important because of the
energy it provides.
Scientists classify stars by color and
brightness.
A constellation is a pattern of stars.
Inner Planets
A planet is a body that
revolves around a star.
The four inner planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth,
and Mars.
They are rocky and
dense.
Mercury is closet planet
to the sun.
The asteroid belt between
Mars and Jupiter.
Outer Planets
There are 5 outer planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, and Pluto.
The first four are gas giants
(made mostly of hydrogen and
helium) and Pluto is now
considered a dwarf planet.
Jupiter is the largest planet.
There is a new dwarf planet Eris
also called UB 313.
Our Solar System
Beyond the Solar System
The universe is
everything that exists
which includes the
stars, planets, dust,
and energy.
A galaxy is gas, dust,
and a group of stars.
Galaxies are
classified by shapes.
Space Exploration
The telescope allows
people to get a closer
look at space.
Today scientists use
telescopes, satellites,
and space probes to
explore space.
Questions
How does Earth’s Orbit affect the
seasons?
How does the Earth and the moon
compare?
What makes up our solar system?
If you were to survive on the moon, what
supplies would you need?