Transcript DIS-EASE - Edmonds

Non-Communicable
Diseases
The goal is to understand the causes,
symptoms, progression, and treatment of
disease so that we better protect and care
for our bodies.
A Non-Communicable Disease
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A condition or disease which is noninfectious and non-transmissible among
people. NCDs may be chronic diseases of
long duration and slow progression, or
they may result in more rapid death such
as some types of sudden stroke.
Non-Communicable Diseases
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Things I can NOT Control
Heredity
 Ethnicity
 Gender
 Age
 Environment – smog, stress
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Factors I can Control
Activity
 Diet
 Smoking, Drug Use
 Positive Attitude
 Stress Reduction; Sleep
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Disease Vocabulary
Causes: Conditions that trigger a disease – where it
comes from
Symptoms: Warning signs and what to look for or
how you may know you have a disease
Treatment: What is recommended to cure or help
with symptoms of the disease
Progression: Evolution of what happens over time
to someone who has the
disease
Outcome: Possible final result of the disease
General Cancer Terms
www.youtube.com/user/1cancercenter?v=SGaQ0WwZ_0I
3 minutes
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Cancer: uncontrolled overgrowth of cells
Carcinogen: cancer-causing agent
Tumor: overgrowth/mass of cells = lump
Benign: non cancerous tumor which is slowgrowing, contained
Malignant: grows rapidly & spreads
Polyp: small growth that may turn into cancer
Metastizise: cancer spreads to other parts of body
Biopsy: tiny tissue sample for lab analysis
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Remission: cancer not detectable
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Types of Cancer
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Carcinoma – cancer affecting the lining tissues of
organs such as liver or kidneys includes glands
Sarcoma – cancer of connective tissue such as
bone, muscle, ligaments also including
lymphatic and circulatory systems
Lymphoma – cancer of the immune and or
lymphatic system
Leukemia – cancer originating in bone marrow
and results in lack of normal blood cells
CAUTION
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer
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C Change in bowel habits
A A sore that does not heal
U Unusual bleeding or discharge
uterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughing
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T
I
O
N
Thickening or a lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
ABC’s for Skin Moles
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A Asymmetry – can’t divide evenly
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B Border – uneven
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C Color – several colors
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D Diameter – larger than pencil eraser
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E Elevation – raised
Risk Factors for Cancer
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Exposure to carcinogens
Tobacco
Lung Cancer is the most common cancer
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Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)
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Radiation – sun, x-rays
Treatment for Cancer
 Surgery
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– removes cancerous tissue
Radiation – radioactive rays
Chemotherapy – medicines
(chemicals)
Lung Diseases
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Lung Cancer – The most common cancer
Emphysema - Bronchiole airways narrow &
alveoli are destroyed –
*Caused by smoking tobacco & marijuana, as
well as air polution
*Symptoms include: Shortness of breath,
chronic cough, excessive mucus, wheezing
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Asthma – Periodic constriction of airways making
breathing difficult-sometime exercise induced
Hepatitis Virus
An Inflammation of the Liver
*Actually a Communicable Disease
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A – spread by contaminated food or water
food handlers can spreading it by not washing
hands after using the bathroom
B – spread by blood or unprotected sex
Avoid alcohol and supportive treatment
C – also spread by blood or unprotected sex
Avoid alcohol and supportive treatment
Most likely type to be chronic/acute stage
Diabetes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ivR4y03DE
(8 minutes)
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Type 1 - Pancreous no longer produces
insulin – usually occurs in young people
Type 2 – Lifestyle disease usually caused by
diet high in simple carbohydrates and
inadequate exercise
Symptoms: excessive urination, fatigue,
wound don’t heal well, weight loss
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Arthritis
An inflammation of the Joints
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Rheumatoid Arthritis – An autoimmune
disease where the body attacks the joints
causing swelling and inflammation
Osteoarthritis – inflammation of the joints
and weakening of the bone’s structure
Caused by high sugar intake, lack of Vit
D & Calcium and low estrogen levels
(Heart) Cardio-Vascular Disease
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqe9j6i8p14
(2 minutes)
1. Atherosclerosis – fat/plaque builds up in vessels
causing heart attack and stroke
2. A stroke– vessel blockage or rupture in the brain,
causing dizziness, numbness on one side of body
2. Hypertension – high blood pressure
3. Angina pectoris - chest pain, not enough
oxygen
4. Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats fibrillation
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Heart Attack - Warning Signs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wre2WRPiFI
(11 minutes)
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Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching in the
chest area
Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, jaw, upper
abdomen and back
WITH shortness of breath, sweating,
nausea, and vomiting
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Causes: plaque/fat builds up in
arteries (arthrosclerosis) & blood clots
getting to the heart.
Risks for Heart Diseases
(CVD)
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Smoking
Obesity or Poor Eating Habits
Stress and Anxiety
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Family History
High Cholesterol levels
Treatment: CV Diseases
1. Coronary Bypass
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Vein replaces blocked artery
2. Angioplasty
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Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery walls.
3. Medications
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Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and
maintain fluid balance (diuretics)
4. Pacemaker
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Small device sends electrical impulses so heart beats
regularly
Disease Article
Requirements:
1. Causes/Prevention 2. Symptoms 3. Treatment/ Care 4. Progression/ Outcome
1 PAGE Magazine Format: Title should include NAME OF THE DISEASE
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Clear description and definition of the disease
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Complete, accurate information covering the 4 aspects above
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Statistics: Where is the highest occurrence, # of diagnoses/year
and # of deaths/year – easy to see & read
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Picture of well-known public figure who has the disease
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Article is neat, complete, demonstrates planning, creativity & effort
PRESENTATION:
___/ 7 pts
___/ 3 pts
Presentation is thoughtful,
organized and effectively
educates classmates
Ready to present on time
and Turn in this rubric before
your presentation
Teeth: Care & Prevention
1. Regular visits to dentist
2. Brush away plaque daily
3. Floss between teeth
4. Massage gums
5. Well-balanced diet
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Phosphorus, Calcium, Vitamin C
Avoid sugary foods
Teeth
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Plaque
 Sticky film
 Destroys tooth enamel
 Irritates gums
Tartar
 Plaque that has hardened on the teeth
Gingivitis
 Inflamed gums when bacteria develop under
plaque (bleeding gums)
 Can result in bone loss around teeth
Ears
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Tinnitus – ringing, buzzing, hissing,
roaring, or other sounds within ear
Hearing Loss/Deafness
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Heredity
Loud Noises – damage nerves
Approximate Decibel Levels
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60 Normal conversation, sewing machine
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90 Lawnmower, shop tools
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100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile;
(2 hours/day maximum)
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert
(15 min/day maximum)
140 Gun shot, jet engine
(causes pain; even brief exposure injures
unprotected ears)
Eyes
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Glaucoma: High pressure in the eye damages
the retina and optic nerve with loss of sight.
Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy creating
blurry or foggy vision
Macular Degeneration – Light-sensing cells
stop working. Leading cause of blindness
over age 60.
Care & Prevention - Eyes
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Diet rich in Vitamin A foods
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Red, Orange, Yellow Vegetables
Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
Protection
 Safety
goggles
 Sunglasses - don’t look at sun
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Eye exams – locate problems
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Rest eyes regularly – every 10 minutes
Non-Communicable Diseases
1.
Diabetes,
Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691
2. Cancer - P 681-687
Leukemia
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Skin Cancer – Malignant Melanoma - p.362-365
Testicular Cancer
Brain Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
3. Nervous System – p.406Alzheimers
Lou Gehrig’s (ALS)
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson’s
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Epilepsy
4. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-637
Asthma
Emphysema
COPD - Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Disease Flyer Article
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Sign up for a Disease that you want to
research
Follow rubric to create a Disease Flyer
which you will present to the class
Presentations
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Keep it to 2 minutes
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Include:
Define the disease
Causes
 Symptoms
 Treatment
 Progression
Who is the famous person who has the disease?
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Diagnostic Tools
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ECG – electro-cardiogram
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Graph of electrical activity of heart
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
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Powerful magnets create images of internal
organs
Presentations
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Keep it to 2 minutes
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Include:
Define the disease
Causes
 Symptoms
 Treatment
 Progression
Who is the famous person who has the disease?
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Extra Credit: Disease Interview
Due March 31st
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Interview someone who suffers or has
suffered from a non-communicable
disease. (family, friend etc)
Over phone, in person via email.
Develop 10 thought provoking questions
and format Q & A’s into magazine format