Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6
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Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
Chapter 6
Quick Facts
Projected number of Web users in 2002: 600 million
Number of Internet Service Providers in Djibouti: 1
Time it takes to download a 5 MB files at 28.8 Kpbs: 23
minutes
Number of American families who have broadband: 13,
441, 557 (2002)
Average number of Web sessions per month (at home):
22
Average time spend during surfing session: 31 minutes
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
Chapter 6
The Internet is different from traditional
broadcasting
ISPs, routers, Java, domain names are words that
reinforce this notion
Early development of the Internet was among scientists,
computer hobbyists, and businesspeople
Today, media presence on the World Wide Web is
important and growing
Streaming media and net broadcasting are examples of
media on the Web
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Teletext and Videotext
Teletext - providing information via electronic network
CEEFAX - A pioneering information service in Great Britain
delivered information within the ‘blanking’ of the TV signal
Videotex - Experiments in the U.S. sponsored by newspapers
Videotext - France’s Minitel provided data services via
the national telephone system
The Source - an early home information utility linked
home computers to a central server
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Prodigy and America Online - Early ISPs
ISP - Internet Service Provider
Prodigy differed from earlier services
Provided monthly services for a flat fee
Used a graphical interface
Contained advertising embedded in the screens
America Online provided new services
Chat rooms and discussion forums helped AOL distinguish itself
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Early ISPs
Changes in technology during the 1980s
Modems increased in speed
Telephone access costs decreased
Newer computers like Apple’s Macintosh introduced
ease of use
Color displays replaced black-and-white displays
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ISPs Grow, Business Plans Fail
World Wide Web and Internet browser (Mosaic) spurred
growth of local Internet Service Providers
Sudden growth of ISPs challenged AOL, Prodigy and
the Source
‘Churn’ became a problem
Newspapers and broadcasters began experimenting
with content
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Growth of the World Wide Web
In 1993, Mosaic became the first browser for personal
computers
Web pages use HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
Growth of the World Wide Web was instantaneous
Search engines provided ways for users to navigate
around the Web
Growth of Internet users
1993, a little over 1 million users
2002, more than 168 million users
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Internet Basic
Cyberspace - no one owns the Internet
Internet Society comprised of Internet users
World Wide Web Consortium develops guidelines and
specifications for the Web
Standards and protocols are decided upon by voluntary
consultative groups
Universal Resource Locator (URL) provides a key to
retrieve information on the Web
Domain names help provide unique addresses
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Common Domains in use
.com - originally set up for business use, now can be
used by anyone
.edu - used by educational institutions
.net - used for organizations directly related to
networking
.org - used for non-profit and other organizations
.mil - for the U.S. military
.gov - for government sites
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E-mail, Browsers, and Messaging
Most popular services on the Internet
E-mail
World Wide Web
Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator
Messaging services such as Instant Messenger
File sharing and swapping
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Plug-ins
Plug-ins are ‘helper’ applications that extend the
usefulness of Web browsers
Examples of plug-ins
Apple’s Quicktime - audio and video streaming
Real Player - audio and video streaming
Macromedia’s Flash and Shockwave - interactive applications
Sun’s Java - interactive applications
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
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Portals and Communities
Portal - defined as an ‘entrance’ or ‘doorway’
Internet Portals - starting places for cyberjourneys
Portals can provide a startup page for browsing
Portals provide link pages and information about other websites
May provide space for advertisers
Communities - places where people can congregate
Discussion forums - places to trade ideas
Virtual communities - communities of websites, free email
Online games - special interactive game sites
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Top Digital Media Web Properties
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Top Portals/ Media Properties
Microsoft
AOL Time Warner
Yahoo! Sites
Google
eBay
Terra Lycos
About-Primedia
Amazon
United States Government
The Gator Corp.
Source: Neilsen Net Ratings October 27, 2002
Unique Visitors (000s)
40,651
38,389
36,106
12,859
10,036
9,454
7,970
7,962
7,500
7,095
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The Bottom Line
Commerce and advertising revenue- small compared to
broadcasting and cable industries
1995, several hundred million (est.)
1998, 1.5 billion
2001, 5.7 billion
Dotcom bust in 2000, many companies went bankrupt
Media companies are looking for a working business
model
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Media Sharing: Napster and Peer-to-Peer Servers
June 1999, Napster allowed users to search for and
swap music on the web
College students joined Napster almost immediately
RIAA sued for copyright infringement in December 1999
Metallica and other bands threatened to sue Napster
In 2001, Court order shut Napster down
Morpheus and LimeWire examples of peer-to-peer
sharing
RIAA claims online sales of music down in 2002
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World Wide Web and Electronic Media
Broadcasters use the web for cross-promotion
ABCnews.com provides streaming of newscast segments
60 Minutes web stories match weekly TV show stories
National Public Radio allows listeners to download radio
segments on the Web
Entertainment sites provide information about storylines
and stars on websites
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Radio and Webcasting: Streaming Media
Online users appear to listen to commercial radio less
Internet users aged 12- 34 spend less time with
traditional media as Internet usage increased
57% of streaming media listeners are under age of 35
Internet users generally feel the Web is ‘cooler’ than
traditional media
Copyright issues - many U.S. stations pull plug on
webcasting
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MeasureCast Top Internet Radio Stations
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Station
JazzFM
Virgin Radio
KING-FM
MEDI
WQXR-FM
ESPN Radio
KNAC.Com
3WK
Web Address
Format
www.jazzFM.com
www.virginradio.co.uk
www.king.org
www.medimazing.com
www.wqxr.com
www.espnradio.com
www.knac.com
www.3wk.com
Jazz
Hot AC
Classical
Listener-Format
Classical
Sports Talk
Pure Rock
Alternative Rock
Source: MeasureCast Inc. February, 2002
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Changing Face of Web News
Millions of people check the Web for news and
information
On September 11, 2001 - news-related searches were 60 times
greater than usual
News pictures are posted immediately on the Web
Like television, the Web is used as a source of up-todate information
1998 study - 80% of users felt online news sources
trustworthy
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Television on the Web and WebTV
Streaming TV pictures on the web was difficult
Dial up modems were not fast enough for streaming
Cable modems were not fast enough for full screen, full motion
video
New MPEG 4 standards - improved picture fidelity
Many sites are currently streaming video clips
CNN.com and CBSnews.com stream news
Real Networks, movie studios and gamers provide interactive
experiences
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Advance Technology and the Web
Web delivery of :
MP3s for music instead of CDs?
Books on tape?
Hard drive VCRs?
Increase of Internet Radio and Television?
Three dimensional viewing?
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond
Chapter 6