Transcript Internet, PDA`s, Video Games

Chapter 2
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The internet is the ultimate tool of convergence
 Convergence –
▪ The interlinking of media content and communication networks
▪ Previous media forms were one way communication
▪ TV, Radio
▪ New media offers more two way communication
 With the internet
▪ Anyone can be a producer
▪ Distributing to anyone who clicks on the site
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The internet developed from
 The advancement of computers
 The Cold War – ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)
▪ Need arose to connect or (Network) computers
▪ Lead to ARPANET (Early version of Internet)
▪ UCLA, UCSB, Stanford, Univ. of Utah
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To prevent information from being stopped
▪ The network structure changed over time
▪ Centralized Network
▪ All info flows through centralized unit
▪ De-Centralized Network
▪ Info flows through several central units
▪ Distributed Network
▪ There is no central unit
▪ Info can move from one point to the next
 Regardless of which link is broken
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The Beginning of E-mail
 Occurred during the ARPAnet project
▪ Developed to allow scientists at different locations
▪ To exchange messages through their computers
 Evolved to what we see today
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World wide web – (who invented it)
 Different than the internet
 Can anyone tell me the difference
▪ Between the Internet and the World Wide Web
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The world wide web
 A vast pool of information that spans the world
▪ Hyperlinks – Key words that take you to other information
▪ Connecting pieces of information together
▪ HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
▪ Network computer language
▪ URL – Universal Resource Locator
▪ Also the web address
▪ Example www.yourdomain.com (has a numerical equivalent)
▪ When you look up content online, where does it come from?
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In 1992
▪ Congress passed legislation privatizing the net
 Most electronic media
▪ Are owned by companies (Media giants and independents)
▪ TV, Radio
 Who owns the Internet?
▪ No license needed
▪ No Govt. Approval
▪ Little money needed
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As the net grew & more people began to use it
 Several developments made it more user friendly
▪ Browsers - 1st “MOSAIC” 1993
▪ Used to translate HTML and display content from the web
 What different browsers exist today
▪ ISP’s (Internet Service Providers) – 1st “The world” 1990
▪ Allow people to access the world wide web (usually for a fee)
 Name some ISP’s that operate today
▪ Search Engines – 1st “Webcrawler” 1994
▪ Indexes that help to find information quickly
▪ Name 3 search engines besides Google, Yahoo & Bing
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The mid 90’s led to many net innovations
▪ E-commerce
▪ Amazon, E-Bay
▪ Additional developments
▪ IM’s, Bulletin Boards, Blogs, chatrooms, Distance learning
 Dot coms boomed creating a frenzy
 Reality of profit potential led to decline
▪ Investors pulled out
▪ Dot Com Bust occurred in early 2000’s
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The mid 90’s brought online audio experiments
 Early processors & modems
▪ Too slow to smoothly deliver data
 Encoding
▪ Compression & decompression
▪ Plus faster technology
▪ Helped to improve audio delivery online
 Players were developed to process and deliver music
▪ Realplayer, Windows media player, quicktime
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Internet audio
 Allowed creation on internet only radio stations
▪ Hobbyists, music fans, college students, anyone could do it
 Radio stations broadcasts over the air
▪ Put their live feeds online – (streaming)
▪ Store broadcasts for download
▪ Called on demand programming
 Revenue potential led to
▪ Advertising, Royalty fees (ASCAP) & (BMI)
▪ Copyright laws
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Created by Shawn Fanning
▪ Led to file sharing phenomenon in the late 90’s
▪ Made possible by MP3’s, introduced in 1998
▪ Quick attention & Heavy use
▪ Brought Silicone valley backing for fanning
▪ Also RIAA attention for copyright infringement
 Lawsuits resulted in courts ordering shutdown
▪ Lawsuits against people
▪ Led to reduced downloading through fear of heavy fines
▪ Music companies adapted to mp3 format
▪ Although not as bad, file sharing issues still exit
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Known as VOIP
 Allows people to talk through the internet using
▪ Cell phones, cable providers, landlines
 Inexpensive alternative to traditional phone service
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Developed later than audio
▪ Due to larger file sizes
 Slow web speeds resulted in
▪ Videos that were small & low quality
 Broadband – high speed internet
▪ Improved video on the internet
▪ Allowed presentation of longer clips, shows, movie trailers
▪ Brought webcasting
▪ Video content developed for online delivery
▪ Allows for
▪ Netflix and other large video streaming services to exist
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Developed in 2005
 YouTube reached 30k viewers within first month
▪ After 18 months of incredible growth
▪ Google bought it for $1.65 billion
 YouTube service
▪ Allows people to create and post their own videos
▪ Set up a channel to showcase their work
▪ Copyright issues have led to removal of some content
▪ Has led to 15 minutes of fame for many people
▪ Video Clip 1 Video Clip 2
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Started off as chatrooms & bulletin boards
▪ In the early 90’s
▪ Led to dating & classmate sites
 Then more well know social networking
▪ Sites were developed allowing users to
▪ Create profiles
▪ Share pictures
▪ Connect with friends
 Myspace 1999 - Grew popular in 2003
 Facebook started in 2004
▪ Todays most popular social networking site
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As the internet has grown so have abuses
 Predators - Use the web to solicit crimes against children and others
 Identity Theft - Potential to steal unsecure information
▪ Has become a huge problem
Zaba Search
Intelius
 Spoofing- Hacking accounts &
▪ Sending info under fraudulent or deceptive means
 Spam
▪ Unsolicited bulk messages or junk e-mail
▪ Phishing
▪ Spam where fake sites are used to gain personal info
 (fake bank sites)
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These are evolving rapidly
▪ Numerous portable devices are flooding the market
▪ Competition has increased flood of new products
▪ Cell phones
▪ Have evolved from cumbersome expensive devices
 To todays web accessing, picture taking, hand held mini-computers
▪ Text messages, web access & apps
 Almost outweigh the talking use of cell phones today
▪ PDA’s - Electronic cross between personal planners and cell phones
▪ Pods – Hard drive based player for MP3’s
 Ipod is most popular followed by others
▪ Digital rights management – helped prevent illegal copying
▪ Podcasting – act of sending material to a pod
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The early days of video games
 Started as stand up consoles
▪ Evolved to consoles for TV use
▪ Odyssey – Magnavox product
▪ Atari – developed “Pong” extremely popular game
▪ Released “Pac-Man” in 1980 & achieved cross promotional status
▪ 1980 also led to launch of “Nintendo” video games
▪ Led to “Mario” franchise
 Down & Out - After a lull in video game production
▪ 1986 led to NES (Nintendo entertainment system)
▪ Also introduction of Sega
 Console Wars
▪ Nintendo led the 90’s in consoles
▪ Drive to gain an audience resulted in the launch of others
 Graphics and game play improved tremendously
▪ How many consoles and handhelds can you think of
 Lets list them
 Games for the internet
▪ Online gaming allowed people to play against each other
 From different locations
▪ MMORPG’s
 Video games originally targeted young males
▪ How have they tried to reach other audiences