Transcript Best Practices For Project Web Sites

Web Site Creation:
Good Practice Guidelines
Before, During and After
Marieke Napier
NOF-digitise Advisor
UKOLN
University of Bath
UKOLN is supported by:
Email
[email protected]
URL
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/
Contents
Here are some general issues that will come up
when creating your web site.
N.B. Many activities apply to various lifecycle
stages of a project
• Before
– URL naming
• During
– Web-Based Dissemination
– Newsfeeds
• After
– We’ve Been Here Before
– Mirroring, Migration & Preservation
• Conclusions
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Before….
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
URL Naming Policy
Issues:
• Having your own domain is a good idea
(e.g. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/)
• Short URLs are good (more memorable;
search engines tend not to index deeply)
• Sub-domains may be a useful compromise
(e.g. http://ariadne.bath.ac.uk/)
• Keep URLs short by using directory defaults:
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www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue5/metadata/intro.htm
www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue5/metadata/
Shorter, less prone to typos and allows for format and
language negotiation, new server management tools, etc
…/issue5/metadata/intro.fr.html
…/issue5/metadata/intro.pdf
(.cfm, .asp, .jsp)
Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
During….
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Web Site Promotion
You want:
• Your quality pages to be found in a timely fashion
by users of search engines
• To encourage others to link to you
To ensure this happens you should:
• Have a domain and URL naming policy
• Exploit the Robots Exclusion Protocol - see
<http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/norobots.html>
• Be aware of barriers to robots (which may also be
barriers to humans)
• Think about metadata
• Think about a linking policy and procedures
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Web Marketing
• Sites linking to you
• Swapping links, short and persistent urls,
having a logo or icon to put on people’s
pages, bookmarks, citations
• Mailing lists,– JISCmail - tailor your
messages and don’t forget to advertise
internally
• Search engines and directories
• Join industry hub sites - subject related
• Good site design
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How People Find You
1. People type in URL from a freebie or
refereed journal (article on subject)
2. People follow a link
Your Web site
3. Search engine
Search
Engines
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Search Engines: Site Design
• Keywords - what are they, are they obvious,
where are they?
• Metatags
• Links - frames
• URLs - Short and sweet, avoid ?, *,~ and
other strange characters
• Bridging Pages
• Database delivery
• Robots.txt file
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Planning Search Engine Strategy
You search for your project name and find a personal
page of a former colleague with informal information 
To avoid this:
• Distinguish between (a) initial information about
the project (b) information for project partners,
funders, etc. and (c) information for end user
• Use search engine techniques to:
–
–
Ban search engines from indexing certain pages
Register key pages (e.g. list of new resources)
as appropriate
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Metatags
<meta name="keywords" content="SCRAN,
scotland, scottish, scot, gael, scran, alba,
past, history, image, identity, scran,
ethnography, archaeology, scran, education,
school, college, university, museum,
gallery..">
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Dublin Core (DC)
Resource Discovery Framework (RDF)
Issues with metadata
Spamming
Variations of Keywords
Search Engines that don’t support Metatags Excite, Fast, Google, Lycos
Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Relevancy Ranking
• Location and frequency method
– Problems
• Popularity method
– Important pages?
• Reviewed sites
• Metatags
• Payment
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Submitting your Site
• Submit key pages
• Submit to key search engines: AltaVista,
Excite, Google, HotBot Lycos, Northern Light
• Submit manually from Search Engine Web
sites
• Use a submission
application or Web
service
Add a URL
Google.com
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Robots
Make use of the Robots Exclusion Protocol (REP) to
ban robots from indexing :
• Non-public areas (e.g. area for partners)
• Pre-release Web sites
• Pages prior to an official launch
Remember to switch off ban after launch!
Note:
User-agent: *
Disallow: /partners
Disallow: /draft
/robots.txt in Web root
Note that use of directories to group related resources will
have many benefits: controlling indexing robots, mirroring and
auditing software,
etc.
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Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Accessibility
• Robots have similarities to the visually impaired
• Good design for robots is likely to be good design
for people with disabilities (and vice versa)
• Make use of tools such as Bobby, WAVE, etc. to
check accessibility – see
<http://www.cast.org/bobby/>
You should formulate plans for making your
Web site search-engines friendly and
accessible
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Problems
Why isn’t my site appearing on any Search
Engines?!!?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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URLs
Frames - <NOFRAMES> tags
User-agent negotiation
Robots.txt file
Database delivery
Javascript
Flash and other proprietary formats
HTML
Free Web site hosting
Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
Measuring Your Success
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Checking your URL
Search for Spiders
Botwatch
Statistics
Referrer information
Refine keywords
Link popularity
host:cultivate-int.org/
url:cultivate-int.org/
domain:cultivate-int.org/
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Other Ways Of Dissemination
Users find your Web site by:
• Search engines
• Following a link
• Entering a URL which they found on a mouse mat,
pen, in an article, etc
Links to your Web site are valuable as they:
• Drive traffic to your Web site
• Improve ranking in citation-based search engines
such as AltaVista
Possible problems with links:
• “Link-spamming services” 
• Being in the “Web sites that suck” portal
• Resources needed to encourage linking
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Encouraging Links
You can:
• Submit to directories (e.g. Yahoo!)
• Use directory (and search engine) submission
services
• Have clear entry points with static URLs for key
menu pages
• Think about who you want to link to you and why
they would do so
• Target them and think of motivation (e.g. attractive
small icon)
• Monitor trends in links to your Web site (e.g. try
<http://www.linkpopularity.com/>)
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Of Interest? News Feeds
Providing
automated
news feeds
which can be
included in
third party
Web site with
no manual
intervention is
a good way to
support
dissemination
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Extension to News Feeds
The RDN (Resource Discovery Network):
• Wants to provide news feeds about developments
by RDN hubs
• It’s using the RSS standard for news feeds (and
XML/RDF application)
• A CGI-based RSS parser (and authoring tool) has
been created
• To allow potential users to try it out easily, a
JavaScript parser has also been written
• See <http://rssxpress.ukoln.ac.uk/>
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Can this (slightly) heavyweight CGI solution be
complemented by a lightweight JavaScript
solution be used within your NOF-digi project?
Web Site Creation: Good Practice Guidelines - 19 February 2002
After
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What Happens When The
Funding Stops?
When the NOF project funding finishes what happens?
 The project gracefully turns into a fully-fledged
service, with new funding from NOF, the EU, your
organisation, etc.
 The project staff all leave and the Web site is
shut down, is moved and can’t be found, or is
broken and there is no-one with the interest,
expertise or permissions to fix it
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We’ve Been Here Before
The UK Higher Education sector has been
here before:
CTI Projects
• CBL applications locked into obsolete hardware
TLTP Projects
• CBL developers using Toolbook on standalone
PC, which could not be deployed on campus LAN
eLib Projects
• Web sites disappear
EU Programmes
• …
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Survey of eLib Web Sites
WebWatching eLib Project Web Sites
• Ariadne article published in Jan 2001
• Of 71 Web sites, 3 domains no longer available and
2 entry points have gone
SOSIG 7,076
5,830
• LinkPopularity.com results shown: OMNI
EEVL
3,865
• Survey also includes:
History
2,605
– Analysis of entry points
(links, HTML, accessibility)
– Nos. of pages indexed by AltaVista
- 0 in some cases 
 Due to robots.txt file
Netskills 2,363
Ariadne 2,144
…
xxx
~10
 Due to frames interface or other robots barrier
• See <http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/
issue26/web-watch/>
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Survey of EU Web Sites
WebWatching Telematics For Libraries
Project Web Sites (Fourth Framework)
• Exploit Interactive article published in Oct 2000
• Web site availability:
Yes
Never
65
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Domain
Gone
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Page
Gone
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• Server details:
Apache – 41 IIS – 10
NCSA – 3
Netscape – 3 Other – 6 (e.g. Mac, GN)
• See <http://www.exploit-lib.org/
issue7/webwatch/>
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Mirroring and Preservation
Another way to maximise impact of your Web site is for
it to be mirrored:
• Use of Web mirroring software to install service at
another location (e.g. overseas to overcome
network bandwidth problems or behind a firewall)
• Issues about whether you are mirroring output
from a service or the service itself (affected by
push vs pull mode of mirroring)
• NOF, for example, may wish to mirror your
service in order to preserve it (once funding runs
out and everyone leaves)
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Note that you may wish to mirror only the project deliverables Web site,
and not the Web site for partners or the Web site about the project –
another reason for
separate
WebGuidelines
sites - 19 February 2002
Webhaving
Site Creation:
Good Practice
Conclusions
To conclude:
• Make plans for the architecture of your Web
service (URL naming, mirrorability,
dissemination, etc.) at the start
• Ensure your Web site is friendly to robots
• Think about use of neutral resources which can
be processed automatically by software (avoid
the human bottleneck)
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