Transcript Trends in E
Trends in E-Learning: Sharing Resources and Adapting Web 2.0 Culture Norm Friesen Sept. 9, 2009 [email protected] Overview • Finding ways to share resources over the Internet – Learning Objects – Open Educational Resources • Adapting Web 2.0 technologies for educational purposes: – Wiki technology, blogs, RSS feeds, etc. – How this fits with sharing… Sharing Resources for Learning & Teaching "stand-alone applications are incompatible with typical production, distribution, and usage patterns for educational software." J. Roschelle, et.al. Learning objects: any digital resource (on the Internet) that can be used and adapted for learning education and training purposes. Learning objects are smaller than a course, and larger than a decontextualized resource (e.g. a photo) What resources need to be like to be shared • Need some way of understanding resources for education as: – Findable (needs to be described in ways that a teacher will understand or search) – Re-usable: can be used, “as-is” across a variety of contexts, both technical and legal – Adaptable: optimally, can be changed and adapted for different educational contexts – Combinable: different resources can be brought together in order to create a complete lesson or course The Copyright Problem • Material is automatically subject to copyright • Most means of reference and quotation for multimedia are not allowed or problematic • All rights reserved: – Re-distribute – share, disseminate, pass on – Re-package – for commercial gain, for public good – Edit, augment, pare down, adapt in any way – Expressed through software designs (pdfs, video formats, locked audio formats) The problem will probably get worse… • USA has digital millenium copyright act (DCMA): forbids technologies that “liberate” content • Makes many conventional uses of online content illegal • USA has fair use; also has TEACH Act for digital resources/online teaching • Canada may adopt an even stricter “DCMA” (e.g. destroy copies for class made 2 weeks after final exam) Open Educational Resources • Educational goals can’t be achieved if resources are subject to copyright law and convention • Open source law and convention can address this directly • Creative Commons: licenses for use of copyright material under particular conditions: – Attribution, no commercial use, no modifications, sharing alike Power of Creative Commons & Openness • 130,000,000 CC-licensed photos on Flickr.com • All of Wikipedia available through a CC BY-SA license • MERLOT: 21,000 resources online; shared, peer-reviewed, available via CC BY-SA • MIT Open Courseware: 1900 courses, available via a CC BY-SA • OER Commons: 12,000 resources for K-12, different CC licenses Adapting Web 2.0 for Education Question: What is Web 2.0? 1. Web 2.0 - technologies that: – Are open source (not locked down, being improved) – Let users write on the Web – Emphasize end-user communication 2. Web 2.0 - communities & projects that: – Share similar everyday interests – create online resources collaboratively – Are making these resources available for free* What is Web 2.0 3. Web 2.0 –ways to share information: – That can transmit, aggregate and add value to it – That cut out the publishers or “middle-man” – That involve licenses that are alternatives to © 4. Web 2.0 –a politics and a lifestyle: – That celebrates the value of D I Y – That is opposed to traditional copyright regimes – That is against corporate control of knowledge and culture (and anything else?) Examples of Web 2.0 • Wikipedia: 50 million articles organized and produced for free • Flickr: 130 million photos with alternative licensing; tagging of photos with meta-tags • RSS feeds & Twitter: ways of letting people know what’s new or happening in ways that users can follow and “aggregate” easily • Blogs: you can write and post content, others can write back Web 1.0 Web 2.0 E.g., WikiEducator course • Photos and Diagrams from Flickr or Wikimedia commons • Interactive exercise from MERLOT or OER Commons • Wiziq used to have live online seminar • Users create content as a part of completing course • More users attracted to project via blogging, twitter, etc.