Transcript Complete Urinary System Pathway

What happens when you take a drink?
How this works.
 Matching words will be in bold.
 Multiple choice topics will be in ALL CAPS.
 Short answer will be underlined.
 Health concerns will be in ALL THREE.
 A word in () has or is an abbreviation.
The process of relieving yourself.
 Functions:
 keeps proper amount of (water)
in body.
 To remove waste products from
blood.
 Excretes waste through urine.
 PARTS OF THE URINARY
SYSTEM:
 2 kidneys
 2 ureters
 Bladder
 urethra
I get by with a little help from my
friends.
 Starts with digestion system.
 Your body takes nutrients from food into the mouth and it goes into
the blood stream to be delivered to all parts of the body.
 After your body has taken what it needs from the food, waste
products are left behind in the blood and in the bowel.
 The Lungs, skin, and intestine will also excrete waste to keep the body
balanced in water and chemicals.
 Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of urine each day.
 The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your
blood.
 Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat,
poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body.
 Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys.
Kidneys (getting the party started)
 Blood enters the kidney through the
renal artery and leaves through the renal
vein and it does this at a constant rate
(1700 QUARTS A DAY)
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2
 Made of 3 parts:
1.
2.
3.
Cortex: outer protective portion
Medulla: inner soft portion
Hilum (Renal Pelvis): middle of concave
side, where blood vessels, nerves, and
ureters enter and leave.
 PYELONEPHRITIS affects the renal
pelvis (about the same spot as the
Hilum).
 RENAL CALCULUS – imagine those
little suckers scraping down the whole
way out.
 Now lets shrink.
3
This structure rhymes with Zack
Efron.
 “Where the magic happens”
 Filtration
 Urine formation
 You have enough nephrons (over
1 million) in 1 kidney to live a
normal life.
 Blood from the renal artery
moves into a group of capillaries
called the glomerulus's (next
slide).
 Now lets shrink and get on the
waste train.
Glomerulus's
 Capillary ball
 1st spot to form urine and
filtration.
 H2O, sugar, salts, urea pass into
Bowman’s capsule (next slide) if
not needed in the body.
 If the body needs the nutrients
still, blood will go through the
glomerulus's and continue out of
the kidney in the renal vein.
 Don’t feel bad that some
nutrients weren’t taken out,
there will be plenty more
chances.
Bowman’s Capsule
 Surrounds each glomerulus and
“soaks up” any nutrients that the
blood gave away.
 Any proteins under roughly 30
kilodaltons can pass freely through
the membrane.
 Any small molecules such as water,
glucose, salt, amino acids, and urea
pass freely into Bowman's space, but
cells, platelets, and large proteins do
not.
 As a result, the filtrate leaving the
Bowman's capsule is very similar to
blood plasma in composition as it
passes into the proximal convoluted
tubule.
Renal Tubule




Nutrients leave Bowman’s capsule in this
“twisting, turning” tube.
Surrounded by capillaries all around.
 As nutrients pass through tubule, the
capillaries can still pull things out that
the body needs.
 Vice versa, the capillaries can still push
into the tubule nutrients it doesn’t need
 As nutrients are reabsorbed, the urine
will contain nutrients and uric acid.
Different parts:
 PCT – regulates the pH by exchanging
hydrogen ions, it is responsible for
secreting organic acids, such as creatinine
 Loop of Henle – creates a positive sodium
gradient so that more water will be pulled
out of the blood.
 DCT –regulation of potassium, sodium,
calcium, and pH.
Urine travels through tubule to a collecting
duct and then to the renal pelvis (next slide).
Renal Pelvis
 Urine collects here from the tubule.
 Chills until taken out by the ureter
(next slide).
 PYELONEPHRITIS is
inflammation of the renal pelvis.
 Urination problems:
 Blood in the urine
 Cloudy or abnormal urine color
 Foul or strong urine odor
 Increased urinary frequency
or urgency
 Need to urinate at night
(nocturia)
 Painful urination
Ureters
 Just a tube: no
real purpose,
connects kidney
to bladder.
 6-7 inches long
 Smooth muscle
moves urine
 Like peristalsis.
Bladder





Muscular pouch of smooth muscle.
Holds up to 1 ½ - 2 cups of urine until ready to be
voided.
When bladder fills, nerves are stimulated, which gives
you the sensation to urinate.
Epic battle between good (yourself) and evil (bladder).
 Your bladder wants to void itself so it contracts
and opens the internal sphincter (involuntary).
 If you are unprepared, you do not want this to
happen (URINARY INCONTINENCE).
 You “hold” the voiding process by “clinching”
your external sphincter (voluntary).

When prepared, you relax and are ready to
void.

Pressure could eventually break your will
power and your sphincter.
WHAT IS IT CALLED TO “LOOK” AT THE BLADDER
WITH A CAMERA?
Urethra
 Just a tube.
 Nothing fancy.
 Smooth muscle
 Males: 8 INCHES
LONG.
 Females: 1.5
INCHES LONG