Transcript Social Change2013.Sept

By Zaina & Robin & Nazifa
Psychology
~ changes in one’s behaviour and attitude

 Attitude: what you think Behaviour: what you do
 Operant Conditioning: consequences or rewards to
enforce a desired behaviour
 Classic Conditioning: two stimuli repeated until the idea
of one is linked to the other
 Cognitive Consistency: the desire to avoid conflict &
confrontation; attitudes + beliefs = behaviour
 Cognitive Dissonance: conflict between ideas or beliefs at
the same time, or behaviour doesn’t match belief(s)
Psychology
~ changes in one’s behaviour and attitude

 Cognitive Dissonance: conflict between ideas or beliefs at the
same time, or behaviour doesn’t match belief(s)
Psychology
~ changes in one’s behaviour and attitude

 Classical & Operant Conditioning
 TED ED: Peggy Andover
 Operant Conditioning Example
 Big Bang Theory
Anthropology
~ changes in cultures

 How social change occurs (according to anthropologists):
 Invention: new products, ideas and social patterns
 Discovery: finding something previously unknown
 Diffusion: exposing ideas, methods & tools from one
culture to another
Anthropology
~ changes in cultures

How social change occurs (according to anthropologists):
 Acculturation: interchange of symbols, beliefs & customs;
can occur by:
Incorporation: freely borrowing
Directed Change: forcing the unwilling
Cultural Evolution: according to patterns in predictable
ways
VS.
Sociology
~ changes of & in society

 Social Change: changes in beliefs, practices & how society is
organized; refers to:
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Direction of change
Rate of change
Source of change: exogenous (outside) or endogenous (within)
Controllability
Sociology
~ changes of & in society

 Tension-Adaptation Theory: a
part of society changes, causing
tension -> tension is
unsustainable and causes
adaptation to re-instate balance
 Accumulation: build-up of
knowledge & technology
 Diffusion of Innovation:
something new becomes
integrated into society
Social Change
(area of study)

Social Change
(area of study)

 Classification of Social Change:
 Sociocultural Evolution: idea that society advances by
differing POVs or evolutionary means
 Paradigmatic Change: shifts in thought & belief
process
Social Change
(area of study)

 Classification of Social
Change:
 Social Revolution: use
of peace or violence to
establish fundamental
social, economic &
political change
 Social Movements: a
large group that pushes
for reform
Social Change
(area of study)

 Stages of Change
Social Change
(area of study)

 Prominent Theories:
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Hegelian: interaction of opposing forces create change
Daoist: change is natural and imperceptible
Kuhnian: stick with the old until the new comes along
Marxist: constant struggle between social classes
Heraclitan: change must occur in order to progress
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
 Molly and Emily!!!
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