Transcript Genetics basics bell ringer

What do you know
about the world of
genetics?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
1. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
A. Albert Einstein B. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendel
2. What are the female reproductive structures of a flower
called?
A. Stamen
B. Pistils
C. Pollen
3. Which insect is the most common pollinator?
A. House flies
B. Butterflies
C. Honey Bees
4. What is used to determine the offspring of a genetic cross?
A. Gene Square B. Punnett Square C. Mendel Square
5. Which gene is represented by a capital letter in a genotype?
A. Recessive
B. Dominant
C. Parental
1. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
A. Albert Einstein
B. Charles Darwin
C. Gregor Mendel
2. What are the female reproductive structures of a flower called?
A. Stamen
B. Pistils
C. Pollen
3. Which insect is the most common pollinator?
A. House flies
B. Butterflies
C. Honey Bees
4. What is used to determine the offspring of a genetic cross?
A. Gene Square
B. Punnett Square
C. Mendel Square
5. Which gene is represented by a capital letter in a genotype?
A. Recessive
B. Dominant
C. Parental
Gregor Mendel
Father of Genetics
What do you know about DNA?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of DNA to answer each question
1. What does the abbreviation DNA represent? ___________________ ______
2. What are the four letters of the DNA alphabet? ___ ___ ___ ___
3. What term refers to the shape of the DNA molecule? __________ ________
4. What is the function of genes?
5. What is the genotype for a female? ____
And the answers are …
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
1. What does the abbreviation DNA represent? ___________________
______
T, ___
G, C___
2. What are the four letters of the DNA alphabet? ___A,___
Double Helix
3. What term refers to the shape of the DNA molecule? __________
________
4. What is the function of genes?
Control the production of proteins
XX
5. What is the genotype for a female? ____
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure our these genetic terms.
1. H N O P E Y P T E
2. G N T E C I E S
3. C E R S V I E S E
4. D L E N E M
5. L A E L E L
Hint: The first letter of each word is underlined.
The answers are ...
1. H N O P E Y P T E
PHENOTYPE
2. G N T E C I E S
GENETICS
3. C E R S V I E S E
RECESSIVE
4. D L E N E M
MENDEL
5. L A E L E L
ALLELE
What do you know
about the world of
genetics?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question
1. What term refers to the physical appearance of a trait?
Example: Yellow body color
2. What term refers to the gene that is expressed when two different
genes for a trait are present in a gene pair?
3. If your grandparents are the parental generation, what term would
refer to your parents?
4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen from the stamen on one
flower is transferred to the pistil on the same flower or to the pistil of a
different flower on the same plant?
5. Identify each gene pair as purebred (P) or hybrid (H).
Bb ______
DD - ______ dd - _____
And the answers are ...
1. What term refers to the physical appearance of a trait? Phenotype
Example: Yellow body color
2. What term refers to the gene that is expressed when two different
genes for a trait are present in a gene pair?
Dominant
3. If your grandparents are the parental generation, what term would
refer to your generation?
F1 or First filial generation
4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen from the stamen on one
flower is transferred to the pistil on the same flower or to the pistil of a
different flower on the same plant?
Self-pollination
5. Identify each gene pair as purebred (P) or hybrid (H).
H
Bb - ______
P
P
DD - ______
dd - _____
What do you know about DNA?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of DNA to answer each question
1. What is the “backbone” of a DNA molecule made from?
____________ and _____________ molecules
2. What are the four letters of the RNA alphabet? ___ ___ ___ ___
3. What are the building blocks of proteins? __________ _________
4. What DNA base would pair with each one of the following?
T  _____
G  _____
5. What is the genotype for a male? ____
C  _____
A  _____
And the answers are …
1. What is the “backbone” of a DNA molecule made from?
Sugar
Phosphate molecules
____________
and _____________
A,___
U, ___
G, C
2. What are the four letters of the RNA alphabet? ___
___
Amino _________
Acids
3. What are the building blocks of proteins? __________
4. What DNA base would pair with each one of the following?
A G  _____
C
T  _____
G
C  _____
XY
5. What is the genotype for a male? ____
T
A  _____
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use the clues to figure out these genetic terms.
1. 5 letters – I am passed along by your parents.
2. 6 letters – I am controlled by the genes.
3. 3 letters – I am the type of plant Mendel used for his
experiments.
4. 6 letters – I am produced by the stamen in flowers.
5. 8 letters – I have a genotype made up of two of the
same letters.
The answers are ...
1. 5 letters – I am passed along by your parents.
GENES
2. 6 letters – I am controlled by the genes.
TRAITS
3. 3 letters – I am the type of plant Mendel used for his
experiments.
PEA
4. 6 letters – I am produced by the stamen in flowers.
POLLEN
5. 8 letters – I have a genotype made up of two of the
same letters.
PUREBRED
What do you know
about the world of
genetics?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question
1. What term refers to the actual genetic make-up of a trait?
Example: Yy or RR
2. What term refers to the gene that is NOT expressed when two
different genes for a trait are present in a gene pair?
3. If you are the parental generation, what term would refer to your
grandchildren?
4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen from the stamen on one
flower is transferred to the pistil on a flower on a different plant?
5. Identify each gene pair as purebred (P) or hybrid (H).
BB ______
Dd - ______
tt - _____
Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question
1. What term refers to the actual genetic make-up of a trait?
Example: Yy or RR
Genotype
2. What term refers to the gene that is NOT expressed when two
different genes for a trait are present in a gene pair?
Recessive
3. If you are the parental generation, what term would refer to your
grandchildren?
F2 or Second filial generation
4. What type of pollination occurs when pollen from the stamen on one
flower is transferred to the pistil on a flower on a different plant?
Cross-pollination
5. Identify each gene pair as purebred (P) or hybrid (H).
P
BB ______
H
Dd - ______
P
tt - _____
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure out the words.
1. U C L O E I D N E T
2. B E U D O L
L I H X E
3. N O E G E M
4. R M O H O C S O E M
5. G M U T E N A
And the answers are …
1. U C L O E I D N E T
NUCLEOTIDE
2. B E U D O L L I H X E
DOUBLE HELIX
3. N O E G E M
GENOME
4. R M O H O C S O E M
CHROMOSOME
5. G M U T E N A
MUTAGEN
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure out these genetic terms.
1. L N L N O I O P A T I
2. R E D I Y H E T
3. D M N I O T A N
4. Y O N G E P E T
5. D R E P R U E B
HINT: The first letter of each word is underlined!
The answers are …
1. L N L N O I O P A T I
POLLINATION
2. R E D I Y H E T
HEREDITY
3. D M N I O T A N
DOMINANT
4. Y O N G E P E T
GENOTYPE
5. D R E P R U E B
PUREBRED
What do you know
about the world of
genetics?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of genetics to answer each question
1. If Y represents the dominant yellow gene and y represents the recessive
blue gene, what phenotype would be observed for each genotype?
A. YY
B. yy
C. Yy
2. What do we call a scientist who studies heredity?
3. If your parents are the F2 generation, what would be the P generation?
4. What type chart is used to show the possible gene combinations in a cross
between two organisms?
5. Identify each gene pair as homozygous (Ho) or heterozygous (He).
Tt ______
PP- ______
ss - _____
And the answers are …
1. If Y represents the dominant yellow gene and y represents the recessive
blue gene, what phenotype would be observed for each genotype?
A. YY
Yellow
B. yy
Blue
C. Yy
2. What do we call a scientist who studies heredity?
Yellow
Geneticist
3. If your parents are the F2 generation, what would be the P generation?
Their great-grandparents
4. What type chart is used to show the possible gene combinations in a cross
between two organisms?
Punnett Square
5. Identify each gene pair as homozygous (Ho) or heterozygous (He).
He
Tt - ______
Ho
PP- ______
Ho
ss - _____
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure out the words.
1. I A M N O
C I D A
2. P T L D O P I E Y E P I H A N C
3. I M S O I E S
4. N A T U T M I O
5. C B N K O A B E
And the answers are …
1. I A M N O
C I D A
AMINO ACID
2. P T L D O P I E Y E P I H A N C
POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
3. I M S O I E S
MEIOSIS
4. N A T U T M I O
MUTATION
5. C B N K O A B E
BACKBONE
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use the clues to figure out these genetic terms.
1. 3 letters – I am the code of life.
2. 8 letters – I am the actual gene makeup of a trait.
3. 6 letters – I have a genotype made up of a dominant
trait and a recessive trait.
4. 10 letters – I am a rod-shaped structure found in the
nucleus of a cell.
5. 8 letters – I occur whenever there is a change in a
gene or chromosome.
The answers are ...
1. 3 letters – I am the code of life.
DNA
2. 8 letters – I am the actual gene makeup of a trait.
GENOTYPE
3. 6 letters – I have a genotype made up of a dominant
trait and a recessive trait.
HYBRID
4. 10 letters – I am a rod-shaped structure found in the
nucleus of a cell.
CHROMOSOME
5. 8 letters – I occur whenever there is a change in a
gene or chromosome.
MUTATION
What do you know
about the world of
genetics?
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Use your knowledge of genetics to answer these questions.
1. Indicate whether each genotype is a heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho).
TT _____
Pp _____
dd _____
Ff _____
Tt ____
Which ones would be considered purebred? ___________
2. In SpongeBob’s family, a yellow body color (Y) is dominant to blue (y) color.
Determine the phenotype for each genotype below based on this information.
YY ______________
Yy ______________
yy ______________
3. If round eyeballs (R) are dominant to oval eyeballs (r), give the genotypes that
are possible for members of SpongeBob’s family.
Round eyeballs = ______________ Oval eyeballs = _________________
The answers are …
1. Indicate whether each genotype is a heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho).
He
He Tt ____
He
Ho
Ho
TT _____
Pp _____
dd _____
Ff _____
TT and dd
Which ones would be considered purebred? ___________
2. In SpongeBob’s family, a yellow body color (Y) is dominant to blue (y) color.
Determine the phenotype for each genotype below based on this information.
Yellow
YY ______________
Blue
Yy ______________
Yellow
yy ______________
3. If round eyeballs (R) are dominant to oval eyeballs (r), give the genotypes that
are possible for members of SpongeBob’s family.
RR or Rr
rr
Round eyeballs = ______________ Oval eyeballs = _________________
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure out the names of these scientists
who have contributed to the field of genetics.
1. T W N O S A
2. A K L N F I N R
3. K I S W L I N
4. C I C K R
5. G A O N R M
6. T O N T S U
And the answers are …
1. T W N O S A
2. A K L N F I N R
3. K I S W L I N
4. C I C K R
WATSON
FRANKLIN
WILKINS
CRICK
5. G A O N R M
MORGAN
6. T O N T S U
SUTTON
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Unscramble the letters to figure our these genetic terms.
1. P N T U N E T
Q R A U S E
2. R E N A P T
3. E S N E G
4. R D E I Y E H T
5. R I T A T S
Hint: The first letter of each word is underlined.
The answers are ...
1. P N T U N E T
Q R A U S E
PUNNETT SQUARE
2. R E N A P T
PARENT
3. E N S E G
GENES
4. R D E I Y E H T
HEREDITY
5. R I T A T S
TRAITS
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred tall pea plant
and a hybrid tall plant. Use T for tall and t for short.
(a) Give the genotypes.
Purebred Tall = ____
Hybrid Tall = ____
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
(c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? _______ %
(d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? _______ %
2. Predict the offspring from a cross between two hybrid tall pea plants.
(a) Give the genotype for a hybrid tall plant. ______
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
(c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall? _____ %
(d) What is the probability that a plant would be short? _____ %
(e) If you were to plant 100 seeds from this cross, how many would you expect to
be tall?
1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred tall pea plant and a
hybrid tall plant. Use T for tall and t for short.
(a) Give the genotypes.
TT
Purebred Tall = ____
Tt
Hybrid Tall = ____
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
T
t
T TT Tt
T TT
Tt
(c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall?
(d) What is the probability that a plant would be short?
100%
0%
2. Predict the offspring from a cross between two hybrid tall pea plants.
Tt
(a) Give the genotype for a hybrid tall plant. ______
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
T
t
T TT Tt
t
Tt
tt
(c) What is the probability that a plant would be tall?
75%
(d) What is the probability that a plant would be short?
25%
(e) If you were to plant 100 seeds from this cross, how many would you expect to
be tall?
25% of 100 = 25 plants
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred pea plant with purple
flowers and a pea plant with white flowers. Use P for purple and p for white.
(a) Give the genotypes.
Purebred Purple = ____
White = ____
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
(c) What is the probability that a plant would have purple flowers? _______ %
(d) What is the probability that a plant would have white flowers? _______ %
2. If you crossed two hybrid plants with purple flowers and planted 200 of the
seeds, how many would you expect to have with white flowers. Create a
Punnett square to support your answer.
1. Predict the offspring from a cross between a purebred pea plant with purple
flowers and a pea plant with white flowers. Use P for purple and p for white.
(a) Give the genotypes.
PP
Purebred Purple = ____
pp
White = ____
(b) Create a Punnett square to determine the genotypes for the offspring.
p
p
P
Pp
Pp
P
Pp
Pp
(c) What is the probability that a plant would have purple flowers? 100%
(d) What is the probability that a plant would have white flowers?
0%
2. If you crossed two hybrid plants with purple flowers and planted 200 of the
seeds, how many would you expect to have with white flowers. Create a
Punnett square to support your answer.
P
P
p
p
PP Pp
Pp
pp
You would expect to see white flowers
on 25% of the plants, which would be
50 plants.
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Some people have dimples, while others do not. The presence of dimples is a
dominant trait (D), while not having dimples is recessive (d).
(1) Susie has dimples, but her husband, Tom, does not. Their first child has his
father's phenotype. What are the genotypes of the mother, father, and child?
Mother’s Genotype: _______
Father’s Genotype: _______
Son’s Genotype: _______
(2) What is the probability that a second child won’t have dimples? Create a
Punnett square to support your answer.
Some people have dimples, while others do not. The presence of dimples is a
dominant trait (D), while not having dimples is recessive (d).
(1) Susie has dimples, but her husband, Tom, does not. Their first child has his
father's phenotype. What are the genotypes of the mother, father, and child?
Dd
Mother’s Genotype: _______
dd
Father’s Genotype: _______
dd
Son’s Genotype: _______
(2) What is the probability that a second child
won’t have dimples? Create a Punnett square
to support your answer.
d
d
D Dd Dd
There would be a 50% probability that the
second child would not have dimples.
d
dd
dd
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
In Dalmatians, the trait for black spots (B) is dominant over the
recessive trait for no spots. Use this information to answer
these questions.
(1) Two Dalmatians with black spots have puppies. One of the dogs is
homozygous for black spots, while the other is heterozygous. Out of a litter of
4 puppies, how many would you expect to have without spots? Create a
Punnett square to support your answer.
(2) Two Dalmatians had a large litter of 10 puppies. Seven of them have black
spots, while 3 do not. What would the genotypes of the two parents need to be
for this result? Create a Punnett square to support your answer.
(1) Two Dalmatians with black spots have puppies. One of the dogs is
homozygous for black spots, while the other is heterozygous. Out of a litter of
4 puppies, how many would you expect to have without spots? Create a
Punnett square to support your answer.
B
B
B BB BB
b
Bb Bb
None of them would be all white, since all
the offspring would have black spots.
(2) Two Dalmatians had a large litter of 10 puppies. Seven of them have black
spots, while 3 do not. What would the genotypes of the two parents need to be
for this result? Create a Punnett square to support your answer.
B
B
B
b
B
b
B BB BB
b
Bb
bb
B BB Bb
Bb Bb
b
Bb
bb
b
b
Bb
bb
The parents would have both have to be Bb or heterozygous for black spots
in order to have 7 out of 10 or about 75% of puppies with black spots.
T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
1. One of SpongeBob’s cousins with hybrid round eyes (Rr) had children with
someone who also had hybrid round eyes (Rr).
A. Create a Punnett square to show the possible offspring that would result
from this cross.
B. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
C. What percentage of the children should have round eyes?
2. Another of SpongeBob’s cousins with hybrid round eyes (Rr) had children
with someone who has oval eyes (rr).
A. Create a Punnett square to show the possible offspring that would result
from this cross.
B. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
C. What percentage of the children should have round eyes?
1. One of SpongeBob’s cousins with hybrid round eyes (Rr) had children with
someone who also had hybrid round eyes (Rr).
A. Create a Punnett square to show the possible offspring that would result from
this cross.
R
r
R RR Rr
r
Rr
rr
B. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
RR = Round eyes
Rr = Round eyes
rr = Oval eyes
C. What percentage of the children should have round eyes?
75%
2. One of SpongeBob’s cousins with hybrid round eyes (Rr) had children with
someone who has oval eyes (rr).
A. Create a Punnett square to show the possible offspring that would result from
this cross.
r
r
R Rr
Rr
rr
rr
r
B. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
C. What percentage of the children should have round eyes?
Rr = Round eyes
rr = Oval eyes
50%