Transcript Non-Infectious Diseases

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Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other people
Risk factors:
◦ Genetics
◦ Life-style
◦ Environmental factors
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Determined by genes
Congenital disease is present at birth
◦ Others don’t show up until later in life
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Familial Disease Tendency
◦ Disease runs in family
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Recessive gene disorders
◦ Need recessive gene from
both parents
◦ Can be a carrier
◦ Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell
anemia
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Down syndrome
◦ Born with extra chromosome
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Sex-linked disorders
◦ Linked to x chromosome
(female)
◦ Can be recessive in females
◦ Color blindness, hemophilia, &
muscular dystrophy
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Pollution
Smoke
Sunlight
Radiation
Altitude
Water
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Diet
Obesity
Exercise
Alcohol
Tobacco
Stress
Sleep
Heart disease: 631,636
Cancer: 559,888
Stroke : 137,119
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(CDC, 2006)
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Disease of Cardiovascular system
CV system is…
◦ Heart
◦ Blood Vessels
 Arteries
 Vein
 Capillaries
◦ Blood
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Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Heart Attack
Stroke
Arrhythmias
Heart Valve Disorder
Varicose Veins
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High Blood Pressure
Normal=120/80
Over 120/80= At risk
High=150/90
Thickening of blood vessel walls
Narrows passageways for blood
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Hardening of the
arteries
Narrows blood
vessels & blocks
blood flow
Atherosclerosis
◦ Fat deposits in blood
vessels
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Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells
Coronary heart disease
◦ Blockage of coronary arteries
◦ Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots
◦ Causes heart attack
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Cardiac Arrest
◦ Entire heart stops
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Disrupts blood flow to brain
No oxygen to brain
Brain cells die
Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or
burst arteries
Aneurysm
◦ Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst
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Effects
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Speech
Senses
Movement
Memory
Behavior
Depending on side of
the brain
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4 valves in heart
2 between atria & ventricle
2 between heart & arteries
Bypass Surgery
Arrhythmias
 Abnormal
heart beat
 Pacemaker
 Defibrillator
Varicose Veins
•Large blue
veins
•One-way
valves don’t
work
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Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG)
◦ Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats
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Stress Test
◦ ECG during exercise
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Chest X-Ray
◦ Picture of heart
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Don’t smoke
Exercise regularly
Manage stress
Manage diet
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Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol
Replace red meat with chicken and fish
Eat more fruits & veggies
Avoid sweets, oils, & fats
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Define the 5 different types of cancer?
What is the difference between benign &
malignant tumors?
What is metastasis? How does it occur?
What causes cancer?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa2b
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Types
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Skin
Lung
Mouth
Throat
Leukemia
Breast
Colon
Cervix
Prostate
Testicular
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Types
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Risk Factors
Skin
Lung
Mouth
Throat
Leukemia
Breast
Colon
Cervix
Prostate L, G
Testicular
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
E,
L
E, G
E,
E
E
E, G
E, G
G
L, G
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Unexplained weight loss
Fever
Fatigue
Pain
Skin changes
Thickening/ lumps
Unusual bowel movements
Unusual bleeding
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Early detection!!!!!!!!
Screening
◦ Self-test
◦ Pap-test
 Cervical examination
◦ Colonoscopy
 Looks inside colon
◦ Biopsy
 Removal of cell/ tissue for examination
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Chemotherapy
◦ Drugs that kill cancer cell
◦ Often taken in combination
◦ Pill or injection form
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Radiation Therapy
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Surgery
◦ Radiation can stop growth/ division
of cancer cells
◦ Removal of tumor or cancer cells
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Avoid tobacco.
Avoid alcohol.
Protect against the sun.
Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens.
Increase fiber intake.
Reduce fiber intake.
Eat balanced diet.
Self-test.
Get regular physical activity.
Surgery
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv3
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7F52IyeI
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3QuUMt
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Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are they
different? How are they similar?
Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why
does this help increase heart health?
Describe the symptoms of heart disease.