Transcript Sem 2 Bio Review Questions

Basic Test Taking Skills
Preparing for tests
•Know when the test is!
•Make sure you leave time to study
•24 hours before test– get good nights sleep. Don’t
cram!
•Make sure you have all necessary supplies (pencil
and calculator)
•Eat a good breakfast/lunch
•Try to exercise before a test
•Arrive early, review summary sheet, relax!
During Test
•Listen carefully to all directions
•Skim through entire test before you begin– budget
your time
•Go through entire test 3 times
•First time– answer all questions you know
•Second time– answer all questions you can
logically figure out
•Third time– guess at the remaining answers
•Always read each question at least twice to
completely understand its content
•Take advantage of full time
•Change answers only if you have a good reason to
do so. Usually your first answer is right
•Manage your anxiety
Multiple Choice Tests
•Choose your answer before you even look at the
choices
•Read all choices before answering
•Use common sense in determining you answer
•Select the most correct answer
•Use answers from previous questions to help
answer other questions
Use the graph to answer
the question below
At which point in Graph does the number of living
bacteria increase at the greatest rate?
a. Between hours 14 and 16
b. Between hours 4 and 6
c. Between hours 6 and 10
d. Between hours 10 and 12
e. During the first 3 hours
5
Use the graph to answer
the question below
At which point in Graph does the number of living
bacteria increase at the greatest rate?
a. Between hours 14 and 16
b. Between hours 4 and 6
c. Between hours 6 and 10
d. Between hours 10 and 12
e. During the first 3 hours
5
The diagram below shows Rosalind
Franklin’s x-ray diffraction image of
DNA. How did this evidence affect
the work of Watson and Crick?
A. It was used to determine the physical structure of
DNA.
B. It was used to identify the four bases that make
up DNA.
C. It was used to develop the theory of independent
assortment.
D. It was used to show that DNA was the molecule
of inheritance.
10
The diagram below shows Rosalind
Franklin’s x-ray diffraction image of
DNA. How did this evidence affect
the work of Watson and Crick?
A. It was used to determine
the physical structure of DNA.
B. It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA.
C. It was used to develop the theory of independent assortment.
D. It was used to show that DNA was the molecule of inheritance.
•Watson and Crick made a model of
DNA and determined its structure
•This helped determine the helical
(spiral) structure of the DNA molecule
10
Which information was most important to the
development of genetic engineering techniques?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the observation of nondominant alleles
the discovery of lethal genes
the formulation of Punnett squares
the structure of a DNA molecule
11
Which information was most important to the
development of genetic engineering techniques?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the observation of nondominant alleles
the discovery of lethal genes
the formulation of Punnett squares
the structure of a DNA molecule
11
Which of these best completes this concept map?
A.
B.
C.
D.
an animal cell
a prokaryotic cell
a virus
a plant cell
Which of these best completes this concept map?
A. an animal cell
B. a prokaryotic cell
C. a virus
D. a plant cell
Animal- no cell wall (rigid
coat of cellulose), or
chloroplasts
Virus-no nuclear
membrane, mitochondria,
chloroplasts
Prokaryotic cell- no
nuclear membrane
(nucleus)
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic
cells because eukaryotic cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
are much smaller.
have permeable membranes.
have a higher rate of reproduction.
have nuclei.
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic
cells because eukaryotic cells
A. are much smaller.
B. have permeable membranes.
C. have a higher rate of reproduction.
D. have nuclei.
•Eukaryotic cells also
have membrane bound
organelles
Which of these four cells is least like the others?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of these four cells is least like the others?
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
a.
b.
c.
d.
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
The diagram below shows a cellular process that
occurs in organisms. This process is known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
meiosis.
mitosis.
endocytosis.
phagocytosis.
The diagram below shows a cellular process that
occurs in organisms. This process is known as
A. meiosis.
B. mitosis.
C. endocytosis.
D. phagocytosis.
Meiosis•the production of
sex cells (gametes)
•Produces (n)
number of
chromosomes
Meiosis:
•4 cells produced
•Genetically different
Mitosis:
•2 cells produced
•Genetically identical
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
A. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell
replacement.
B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive
structures of the organism.
C. It happens in all tissues except the brain and
spinal cord.
D. It is the first stage of mitosis.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
A. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell
replacement.
B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive
structures of the organism.
C. It happens in all tissues except the brain and
spinal cord.
D. It is the first stage of mitosis.
If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the
possible genetic combinations that could be present
in a single grain of pollen from this plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ty, ty
TY, ty
TY, Ty, ty
Ty, ty, tY, TY
If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the
possible genetic combinations that could be present
in a single grain of pollen from this plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ty, ty
TY, ty
TY, Ty, ty
Ty, ty, tY, TY
•Ttyy is genotype of parent
•Pollen is another name for a gamete
in plants
•Use “FOIL” to figure out the possible
gametes
Ttyy
Ty
Ty
ty
ty
Ty & ty
In a certain species of mouse, the gene for a short
tail (T) is dominant over the gene for having no tail
(t). The hybrid condition results in a mouse with a
long tail. What is the probability of offspring with short
tails resulting from a cross between two mice with
long tails?
a.
b.
c.
d.
75%
0%
25%
50%
In a certain species of mouse, the gene for a short
tail (T) is dominant over the gene for having no tail
(t). The hybrid condition results in a mouse with a
long tail. What is the probability of offspring with
short tails resulting from a cross between two mice
with long tails?
a.
b.
c.
d.
75%
0%
25%
50%
Tt x Tt
TT = short tails
Hybrid is the “mix”
Tt x Tt
T
t
T
TT
Tt
t
Tt
tt
The diagram above shows
homologous chromosomes
during prophase I of meiosis.
Which of the following
correctly describes the process
being illustrated?
A. mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is
altered
B. segregation of sister chromatids
C. condensation and segregation of alleles
D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
The diagram above shows
homologous chromosomes
during prophase I of meiosis.
Which of the following
correctly describes the process
being illustrated?
A. mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is
altered
B. segregation of sister chromatids
C. condensation and segregation of alleles
D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
Which of the following sequences represents
chromosome number during fertilization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
n + n → 2n
2n → n + n
n→n
2n → 2n
Which of the following sequences represents
chromosome number during fertilization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
n + n → 2n
2n → n + n
n→n
2n → 2n
n
2n
n
zygote
The table below lists the typical
diploid number of chromosomes
of several different organisms.
Which of the following is the best
explanation for why the chromosome
number is an even number in each of
these organisms?
A. It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of
chromosomes.
B. The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis
occurs each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes.
C. The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes,
one from each parent, so it is always an even number.
D. Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first
division, the number is always even.
The table below lists the typical
diploid number of chromosomes
of several different organisms.
Which of the following is the best
explanation for why the chromosome
number is an even number in each of
these organisms? A.
n+
n → 2n
A. It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have an odd number of
chromosomes.
B. The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis
occurs each new cell gets the same number of chromosomes.
C. The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of
chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number.
D. Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first
division, the number is always even.
In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant
and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What
are the possible combinations of genes in the
offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
RR only
rr only
Rr and rr only
RR, Rr, and rr only
In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant
and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What
are the possible combinations of genes in the
offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
RR only
rr only
Rr and rr only
RR, Rr, and rr only
Rr x Rr
R
r
R
RR
Rr
r
Rr
rr
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a
recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal
hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What
percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous
(Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to
have normal hearing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0%
25%
50%
100%
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a
recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal
hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What
percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous
(Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to
have normal hearing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0%
25%
50%
100%
Dd x dd
Normal hearing- need to be
either DD or Dd
Dd x dd
D
d
d
Dd
dd
d
Dd
dd
In a certain species of alien, the gene for yellow
spots (Y) is dominant over the gene for red spots and
the gene for blue skin color (B) is dominant over the
gene for green skin color. What is the probability that
red spotted, green skinned offspring will be produced
in a cross between a parent that has green skin and
is heterozygous (hybrid) for yellow spots and a
parent that is heterozygous (hybrid) for both spot
color and skin color?
a.1/4
b.1/8
c.1/16
d.3/4
In a certain species of alien, the gene for yellow
spots (Y) is dominant over the gene for red spots
and the gene for blue skin color (B) is dominant
over the gene for green skin color. What is the
probability that red spotted, green skinned offspring
will be produced in a cross between a parent that has
green skin and is heterozygous (hybrid) for yellow
spots and a parent that is heterozygous (hybrid) for
both spot color and skin color?
a.1/4
b.1/8
c.1/16
d.3/4
Yybb x YyBb
Yb
•Heterozygous- different
letters (Yy or Bb)
•Homozygous- same
letters (YY, yy or BB, bb)
•Phenotype- physical
characteristics (what
they “look” like)
•Genotype- the letter
combination (Yybb,
YyBb)
yb
YB
YYBb
YyBb
Yb
YYbb
Yybb
yB
YyBb
yyBb
yb
Yybb
yybb
A student traced a widow's peak hairline in her family.
Based on her interviews and observations, she drew
the following pedigree:
Which pattern(s) of inheritance are consistent with
the pedigree in Diagram #4?
I. Sex-linked
II. Complete dominance
III. Codominance
a.
I only
b.
II only
c.
I and II only
d.
II and III only
e.
I, II, and III
A student traced a widow's peak hairline in her family.
Based on her interviews and observations, she drew
the following pedigree:
Which pattern(s) of inheritance are consistent with
the pedigree in Diagram #4?
I. Sex-linked
II. Complete dominance
III. Codominance
a.
I only
b.
II only
c.
I and II only
d.
II and III only
e.
I, II, and III
2:1:1
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can
occur in the dominant form, (B), or the recessive form, (b).
The length of the cat’s fur is controlled by another autosomal
gene that occurs in the dominant form, (S), or the recessive
form, (s). The table below shows the traits for these allele
codes.
The following genotypes were found
in a male cat and a female cat.
BbSs (male)
bbSS (female)
Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of
offspring from these parents?
A. All offspring will have black fur.
B. All offspring will have white fur.
C. All offspring will have long-haired fur.
D. All offspring will have short-haired fur.
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can
occur in the dominant form, (B), or the recessive form, (b).
The length of the cat’s fur is controlled by another autosomal
gene that occurs in the dominant form, (S), or the recessive
form, (s). The table below shows the traits for these allele
codes.
The following genotypes were found
in a male cat and a female cat.
BbSs (male)
bbSS (female)
Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of
offspring from these parents?
A. All offspring will have black fur.
B. All offspring will have white fur.
C. All offspring will have long-haired fur.
D. All offspring will have short-haired fur.
A strand of mRNA containing
the repeating sequence
AAGAAGAAGAAG could code
for which of the following amino
acid sequences?
A.
B.
C.
D.
lys–arg–glu–lys
ser–ser–glu–glu
lys–arg–lys–arg
lys–lys–lys–lys
A strand of mRNA containing
the repeating sequence
AAG-AAG-AAG-AAG could
code for which of the following
amino acid sequences?
A.
B.
C.
D.
lys–arg–glu–lys
ser–ser–glu–glu
lys–arg–lys–arg
lys–lys–lys–lys
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How
many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4
8
12
20
1
2
3
4
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How
many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4
8
12
20
•DNA is broken up into “3-letter words”
•Each codes for one amino acid
•DNA = triplets
•mRNA = codon
•tRNA = anti-codon
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a
test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis.
Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains
composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine.
What does this experiment indicate?
A. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of
uracil.
B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D. Most proteins contain only one type of amino
acid.
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a
test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis.
Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains
composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine.
What does this experiment indicate?
A. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of
uracil.
B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D. Most proteins contain only one type of amino
acid.
A scientist analyzed several DNA
samples to determine the relative
proportions of purine and
pyrimidine bases. Her data are
summarized in the table
Which sample(s) support(s) athe base-pairing rules
in Table #2 above
a. Sample A only
b. Sample B only
c. Sample C only
d. Samples A and C
e. Samples A, B, and C
A scientist analyzed several DNA
samples to determine the relative
proportions of purine and
pyrimidine bases. Her data are
summarized in the table
=
=
=
=
Which sample(s) support(s) athe base-pairing rules
in Table #2 above
C=G
a. Sample A only
b. Sample B only
c. Sample C only
A=T
d. Samples A and C
Should have equal
e. Samples A, B, and C
number of each
Complimentary bases C = G and A = T
Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?
A. the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic
reticulum
B. the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
C. the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
D. the release of messenger RNA from DNA
Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?
A. the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
B. the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
C. the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus D. the release of
messenger RNA from DNA
Mutation- any change in
the DNA sequence
If the sequence of base pairs on one strand of DNA
is AATCGGC, as shown in the diagram below, what
are the complementary base pairs on the other
strand?
a.
b.
c.
d.
If the sequence of base pairs on one strand of DNA
is AATCGGC, as shown in the diagram below, what
are the complementary base pairs on the other
strand?
C=G
DNA
A=T
a.
b.
c.
d.
During the process of protein synthesis, a portion of
the DNA molecule opens and the messenger RNA
molecule makes a near replica of the DNA strand.
Using the base pair sequence of the DNA molecule
shown below, what would be the corresponding
sequence on the RNA molecule from left to right?
a.T-T-A-G-C-C-G
b.U-U-A-C-G-G-C
c.A-A-U-G-C-C-G
d.U-U-A-G-C-C-G
During the process of protein synthesis, a portion of
the DNA molecule opens and the messenger RNA
molecule makes a near replica of the DNA strand.
Using the base pair sequence of the DNA molecule
shown below, what would be the corresponding
sequence on the RNA molecule from left to right?
RNA→
a.T-T-A-G-C-C-G
b.U-U-A-C-G-G-C
c.A-A-U-G-C-C-G
d.U-U-A-G-C-C-G
C=G
A=U
Replace T with a U in RNA
One human disease is caused by a change in one
codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease
is the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
a mutation.
a meiosis error.
crossing-over.
polyploidy.
One human disease is caused by a change in one
codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease
is the result of
•Remember that a codon is
made up of 3 letters each
A. a mutation.
•This mutation may or may not
B. a meiosis error.
C. crossing-over.
effect the phenotype (it might
D. polyploidy.
still code for the same amino
acid)
Although there are a limited number of amino
acids, many different types of proteins exist because
the
A. size of a given amino acid can vary.
B. chemical composition of a given amino acid can
vary.
C. sequence and number of amino acids is different.
D. same amino acid can have many different
properties.
Although there are a limited number of amino
acids, many different types of proteins exist because
the
A. size of a given amino acid can vary.
B. chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary.
C. sequence and number of amino acids is
different.
D. same amino acid can have many different properties.
Which of the following base pair sequences
could be produced in DNA replication?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5' AGTCUT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' TCUGTA 5'
3' TCAGTA 5'
3' CTGACG 5'
3' UCAGUA 5'
Which of the following base pair sequences
could be produced in DNA replication?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5' AGTCUT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' TCUGTA 5'
3' TCAGTA 5'
3' CTGACG 5'
3' UCAGUA 5'
•This is how the label the two
different strands of a DNA
molecule. One starts with a 5’
and the other with a 3’
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in
which three nucleotides have been deleted.
A repair enzyme would replace them with
A.
B.
C.
D.
CGT.
GCA.
CTG.
GTA.
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in
which three nucleotides have been deleted.
A repair enzyme would replace them with
A.
B.
C.
D.
CGT.
GCA.
CTG.
GTA.
C=G
A=T
A base sequence is shown below.
ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
TGTCACG
GUGACAU
UGUCACG
CACUGUA
A base sequence is shown below.
ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
TGTCACG
GUGACAU
UGUCACG
CACUGUA
C=G
A=U
ACAGTGC -DNA
UGUCACG -RNA
The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects
plants, and a portion of its DNA is inserted into the
plant’s chromosomes. This causes the plant to
produce gall cells, which manufacture amino acids
that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a
natural example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
polyploidy.
genetic manipulation.
grafting.
hybridization.
The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects
plants, and a portion of its DNA is inserted into the
plant’s chromosomes. This causes the plant to
produce gall cells, which manufacture amino acids
that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a
natural example of
A. polyploidy.
B. genetic manipulation.
C. grafting.
D. hybridization.
Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk
contains proteins that can be used as medicines.
This effect was produced by
A. mixing foreign genes into the milk.
B. injecting foreign genes into the goats’ udders.
C. inserting foreign genes into fertilized
goat eggs.
D. genetically modifying the nutritional needs of the
goats’ offspring.
Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk
contains proteins that can be used as medicines.
This effect was produced by
A. mixing foreign genes into the milk.
B. injecting foreign genes into the goats’ udders.
C. inserting foreign genes into fertilized
goat eggs.
D. genetically modifying the
nutritional needs of the goats’
offspring.
What is missing from the box in the nitrogen cycle
diagram below?
a. bacteria
b. Consumers
c. Lightning
d. fertilizer
What is missing from the box in the nitrogen cycle
diagram below?
a. bacteria
b. Consumers
c. Lightning
d. fertilizer
•Nitrogen fixing bacteria are essential
in the Nitrogen cycle to turn useless
nitrogen gas into chemicals that can be
used by organisms
The chart shows four alleles
at the same locus that affect
rabbits’ coat color. Each
allele is dominant to the ones
below it. Rabbits with an albino
or Himalayan coat are more
susceptible to predators.
Which of the following genotypes will produce a
rabbit that is least likely to survive?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cchc
Cc
c hc
Cch
The chart shows four alleles
at the same locus that affect
rabbits’ coat color. Each
allele is dominant to the ones
below it. Rabbits with an albino
or Himalayan coat are more
susceptible to predators.
Which of the following genotypes will produce a
rabbit that is least likely to survive?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cchc
Cc
chc
Cch
Chc would make ch
and c gametes only
= Himalayan and
albino offspring
Which of these would have the least effect on natural
selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is
geographically isolated from other subspecies of
giraffes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
available niches
existing predators
chromosome number
available food resources
Which of these would have the least effect on
natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is
geographically isolated from other subspecies of
giraffes?
A. available niches
B. existing predators
C. chromosome number
D. available food resources
•Natural selection acts on phenotypes
•Phenotypes determine survival
•The other choices have something to do with an
organisms physical traits (phenotypes)
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition
that causes the death of the chicks before hatching.
In order for this disease to be passed from
generation to generation there must be parent birds
that
A.
B.
C.
D.
are heterozygous for the disease.
have the disease themselves.
produce new mutations for this disease.
are closely interbred.
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition
that causes the death of the chicks before
hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from
generation to generation there must be parent birds
that
A. are heterozygous for the disease.
B. have the disease themselves.
C. produce new mutations for this disease.
D. are closely interbred.
•T = normal, t = fatal disorder (dominant/reccessive)
•TT = normal, Tt = normal, tt= fatal disorder
•Tt x Tt = TT, Tt, and tt
fatal
Tt
carrier
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is
unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of
this individual?
A. two dominant normal alleles
B. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant
lethal allele
C. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant
normal allele
D. one dominant lethal allele and one recessive
normal allele
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is
unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of
this individual?
A. two dominant normal alleles
B. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant lethal allele
C. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant
normal allele
D. one dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele
•T = normal, t = fatal disorder (dominant/reccessive)
•TT = normal, Tt = normal, tt= fatal disorder
•Tt = carrier
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
A. natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
B. natural processes that always affect the
phenotype.
C. unnatural processes that always affect the
phenotype.
D. unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic
diversity.
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
A. natural processes that produce genetic
diversity.
B. natural processes that always affect the phenotype.
C. unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype.
D. unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity.
•Mutations occur
naturally and randomly
and create new
combinations of DNA
(genetic diversity)
Which of these best illustrates natural selection?
A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will
tend to survive and breed successfully.
B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in
its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
C. A community whose members work together
utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.
D. The largest organisms in a species receive the
only breeding opportunities.
Which of these best illustrates natural selection?
A. An organism with favorable genetic variations
will tend to survive and breed successfully.
B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing
other species to migrate.
C. A community whose members work together utilizes all existing
resources and migratory routes.
D. The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding
opportunities.
A species of finch has been studied on one of
the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for
many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of
every bird for several generations is known. This
allows a family tree of each bird to be developed.
Some family groups have survived and others have
died out. The groups that survive probably have
A.
B.
C.
D.
interbred with other species.
inherited some advantageous variations.
found new places on the island to live.
been attacked by more predators.
A species of finch has been studied on one of
the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for
many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of
every bird for several generations is known. This
allows a family tree of each bird to be developed.
Some family groups have survived and others have
died out. The groups that survive probably have
A. interbred with other species.
B. inherited some advantageous variations.
C. found new places on the island to live.
D. been attacked by more predators.
Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes
from time to time. Which of these most likely explains
why life on Earth continued following these
catastrophes?
A. Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.
B. Many species filled the same niche.
C. A strong species had many different
characteristics.
D. A wide diversity of species existed.
Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes
from time to time. Which of these most likely
explains why life on Earth continued following these
catastrophes?
A. Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.
B. Many species filled the same niche.
C. A strong species had many different
characteristics.
D. A wide diversity of species existed.
•When answering questions look for what they are
asking!
•There may be correct statements that are not the
answer you are looking for
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period.
How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
A. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
B. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with
beneficial traits.
C. It will increase the number of alleles for specific
traits.
D. It will reduce genetic diversity.
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period.
How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
A. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
B. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
C. It will increase the number of alleles for
specific traits.
D. It will reduce genetic diversity.
Genetic drift
(small populations)
A small portion of a population that is
geographically isolated from the rest of the
population runs the risk of decreased
A.
B.
C.
D.
genetic drift.
mutation rate.
natural selection.
genetic variation.
A small portion of a population that is
geographically isolated from the rest of the
population runs the risk of decreased
A. genetic drift.
B. mutation rate.
C. natural selection.
D. genetic variation.
Process of elimination
•Small population = increased genetic drift
•Mutation rate = happens in all population naturally
•Natural selection occurs in all populations
A single species of squirrel evolved over time
into two species, each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
higher mutation rates on one side.
low genetic diversity in the initial population.
the isolation of the two groups.
differences in reproductive rates.
A single species of squirrel evolved over time
into two species, each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
higher mutation rates on one side.
low genetic diversity in the initial population.
the isolation of the two groups.
differences in reproductive rates.
•Isolation is the single
most important factor.
•Can be geographic,
behavioral, or temporal
isolation
The birds shown below are two species of the 13
species of finches Darwin found on the Galapagos
Islands.
DIAGRAM #5
What process produced the two different types of
beaks shown?
a. artificial selection
b. natural selection
c. geographical distribution
d. inheritance of acquired traits
e. disuse of the beak
The birds shown below are two species of the 13
species of finches Darwin found on the Galapagos
Islands.
DIAGRAM #5
What process produced the two different types of
beaks shown?
•Favorable traits are
a. artificial selection
rewarded with survival and
b. natural selection
passing on of genes to
c. geographical distribution
offspring
d. inheritance of acquired traits
e. disuse of the beak
•Beak shape
Fossil evidence suggests that a number of
members of one fish species from an ancient lake in
Death Valley, California, became several isolated
species. Each of these new species lived in a
different pond. Which of the following best explains
the cause of this speciation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
episodic isolation
temporal isolation
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
Fossil evidence suggests that a number of
members of one fish species from an ancient lake in
Death Valley, California, became several isolated
species. Each of these new species lived in a
different pond. Which of the following best explains
the cause of this speciation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
episodic isolation
temporal isolation
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
•Speciation- formation of a new species
According to this information,
which group demonstrated
the greatest biodiversity
during the Cretaceous period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
dinosaurs
crocodilians
snakes
lizards
According to this information,
which group demonstrated
the greatest biodiversity
during the Cretaceous period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
dinosaurs
crocodilians
snakes
lizards
•Look at graph or chart and
determine what it is
showing you
•Which group has the
widest “bar”?
In order for the body to maintain homeostasis,
the chemical decomposition of food to produce
energy must be followed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
water intake.
muscle contractions.
waste removal.
nervous impulses.
In order for the body to maintain homeostasis,
the chemical decomposition of food to produce
energy must be followed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
water intake.
muscle contractions.
waste removal.
nervous impulses.
•Homeostasis- maintaining constant conditions
inside body
What is the greatest danger to a patient who
has had damage to the skin?
A. loss of oils produced by the skin
B. excessive muscle contractions in the
damaged area
C. infections in uncovered tissues
D. damaged tissue entering the blood stream
What is the greatest danger to a patient who
has had damage to the skin?
A. loss of oils produced by the skin
B. excessive muscle contractions in the
damaged area
C. infections in uncovered tissues
D. damaged tissue entering the blood stream
•Your skin is the first
and most important
line of defense
against pathogens
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing
weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals
become protected against polio because the
weakened viruses
A.
B.
C.
D.
prevent further viral invasion.
induce an inflammatory response.
promote production of antibodies.
are too weak to cause illness.
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing
weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals
become protected against polio because the
weakened viruses
A. prevent further viral invasion.
B. induce an inflammatory response.
C. promote production of antibodies.
D. are too weak to cause illness.
Which of the following require a host cell
because they are not able to make proteins on their
own?
A.
B.
C.
D.
blue-green algae
bacteria
protozoans
viruses
Which of the following require a host cell
because they are not able to make proteins on their
own?
A.
B.
C.
D.
blue-green algae
bacteria
protozoans
viruses
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and
diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
A. Neither responds to antibiotics.
B. Both respond to antibiotics.
C. Viral diseases respond to antibiotics;
bacterial diseases do not.
D. Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral
diseases do not.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and
diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
A. Neither responds to antibiotics.
B. Both respond to antibiotics.
C. Viral diseases respond to antibiotics;
bacterial diseases do not.
D. Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics;
viral diseases do not.
Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a
pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the
population because people with HIV
A. are unable to fight off these pneumonia-causing
organisms.
B. are more often exposed to these pneumoniacausing organisms.
C. release pheromones that attract the pneumoniacausing organisms.
D. release substances that increase the strength of
the pneumonia-causing organisms.
Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a
pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the
population because people with HIV
A. are unable to fight off these pneumoniacausing organisms.
B. are more often exposed to these pneumonia-causing organisms.
C. release pheromones that attract the pneumonia-causing organisms.
D. release substances that increase the strength of the pneumoniacausing organisms.
HIV attacks
T-cells which
fight off infections