Transcript Fundamentals of Genetics Review

Fundamentals of
Genetics Review
Definitions 100
• The field of Biology
devoted to
understanding how
characteristics are
transmitted from
parents to offspring.
Definitions 100
•Genetics
Definitions 100
• When pollen grains
from the male part
of the flower are
transferred to the
female part of the
flower
Definitions 100
•Pollination
Definitions 100
•The fertilized
egg cell
Definitions 100
•zygote
Definitions 100
• A segment of DNA
on a chromosome
that controls a
particular hereditary
trait
Definitions 100
•gene
Definitions 100
•The appearance
of an organism
due to its
genotype
Definitions 100
•phenotype
Definitions 100
•Alternative
forms of the
same gene
Definitions 100
•alleles
Definitions 100
•Describes a
genotype where
the two alleles for
the gene are
different
Definitions 100
•Heterozygous
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• Mendel’s Law that says
that during gamete
formation, the two
parental alleles for a
gene separate and go
into different gametes
Definitions 100
•The Law of
Segregation
Definitions 100
• Type of dominance
relationship where the
heterozygotes have a
phenotype that is
intermediate between
the homozygous
phenotypes
Definitions 100
•Incomplete
Dominance
Definitions 100
•A dominantly
inherited trait
that results in
short stature.
Definitions 100
•Achondroplasia
Definitions 100
• Mendel’s Law that
states that each gene
segregates
independently of the
other genes in gamete
formation
Definitions 100
•The Law of
Independent
Assortment
Genetics Problems 200
• In pea plants, tall is
dominant to short.
What is the phenotypic
ratio predicted from
the following cross?
• Tt X tt
Genetics Problems 200
• ½ tall
• ½ short
• Or 1:1 ratio of tall to
short
Genetics Problems 200
• In pea plants, tall is
dominant to short.
What is the phenotypic
ratio predicted from
the following cross?
• Tt X Tt
Genetics Problems 200
•¾ tall
•¼ short
•Or 3:1 ratio of tall
to short
Genetics Problems 200
• In pea plants, tall is
dominant to short.
What is the genotypic
ratio predicted from
the following cross?
• Tt X Tt
Genetics Problems 200
• ¼ homozygous dominant
• ½ heterozygous
• ¼ homozygous recessive
• Or 1 homo dom: 2
hetero: 1 homo rec
Genetics Problems 300
• In guinea pigs, short hair is
dominant to long. You have a
momma guinea pig (Ss) and a
dadda guinea pig (ss) and you
plan on letting them breed
until they have 30 babies.
• How many of the babies are
expected to have long hair?
Genetics Problems 300
•15
Genetics Problems 400
• A mama oobley boobley bird
who is yellow mates with a
papa oobley boobley bird who
is blue. Their baby birds have
some feathers that are blue
and some feathers that are
yellow.
• What kind of dominance
relationship is this?
Genetics Problems 400
•Codominance
Genetics Problems 400
• In fruit flies, normal wing shape (V) is
dominant to vestigial (v) and grey body
(G) is dominant to black body (g).
• You do a cross between the following
individuals:
• Female: VVGg
• Male: Vvgg
• What are the possible gametes that can
be formed for both the female and the
male?
Genetics Problems 400
•Female: VG, Vg
•Male: Vg, vg
Genetics Problems 500
• A tomato plant with yellow
flowers is crossed with a
tomato plant with red flowers.
The offspring (F1 generation)
all have orange flowers.
• What phenotypic ratios do you
expect in the F2 generation?
Genetics Problems 500
• ¼ yellow flowers
• ½ orange flowers
• ¼ red flowers
• Or 1 yellow: 2 orange:
1 red
Genetics Problems 500
• In guinea pigs, black hair color
(B) is dominant to brown (b).
Short hair (S) is dominant to
long (s).
• What are the phenotypic ratios
predicted from the following
cross?
• BBSs X bbSs
Genetics Problems 500
• ¾ black, short hair
• ¼ black, long hair
• Or 3 black, short: 1
black, long
Genetics Problems 500
• A man with type A
blood marries and
woman who is type B.
• What are the possible
genotypes of their
kids?
Genetics Problems 500
• OO
• AB
• AO
• BO