Transcript Biotechnology Unit 8L1.4

Biotechnology Unit
8.L.2
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Understand how biotechnology is used to
affect living organisms.
◦ Biotechnology can affect living organisms
either directly or indirectly.
8L2.1 – Essential Understanding
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What are the pros and cons of
biotechnology?
Main Essential Question
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Summarize aspects of biotechnology
including:
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Specific genetic information available
Careers
Economic benefits to NC
Ethical issues
Implications for agriculture
8L2.1 Essential Standard
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Technology is essential to science for such
purposes as sample collection and
treatment, measurement, data collection
and storage, computation, and
communication of information.
Essential Understandings #1
Traditional biotechnology was (and still
is) the use of living organisms to solve
problems and make useful products.
Domesticated crop
plants and farm
animals through
selective breeding
Yeast to make
bread rise and
produce wine
Traditional biotechnology #2
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Is it ethical to create/design living
organisms?
Should you know/have a say in which foods
are genetically altered before eating them?
How might advances in biotechnology affect
society?
How have we benefitted from biotechnology?
Do the benefits of genetically altered food
outweigh the risks?
Essential Questions
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Involves the use of living cells and their
molecules to solve problems and make
useful products.
A Bio-Patch Regrows Bone Inside
the Body
http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechnology
New Biotechnology
3 basic kinds
 Working with
 Working with
 Working with
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of biotechnology tools
cells.
proteins
genes
Biotechnology is not just one
technology, but many.
Selective Breeding
Produces specific
offspring with specific
traits.
Working with cells
Genetic Modification - changes the
genetic material of a living organism.
 This practice is used to make medicines
and treat diseases. Used to improve
crops and produce organisms used in
scientific research)
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Working with genes
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Many industries are finding uses for new tools provided by
biotechnology.
Health care industry: diagnose, treat and prevent disease.
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Food and agriculture industries are rapidly adopting the
tools of biotechnology.
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Energy and Environment where living cells and their
molecules can help us to clean up our environment, detect
environmental contamination, reduce our dependence on
petroleum.
Industrial Uses
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Emerging world of biotechnology which
gives us advances and new careers in
medicine, agriculture, genetics and food
science.
Benefitted NC in many ways, has raised
ethical issues
Microbial world
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Through food, water and shelter
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Modern uses: Some examples:
penicillin,
human insulin for diabetes,
combat crime through DNA testing and
forensic testing
Removing pollution from soil and water
(bioremediation)
Improving quality of agricultural crops and
livestock.
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How does biotechnology affect us?
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Genetic Modification
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Cloning
New areas that are controversial
is the science of using or changing living
things to improve or benefit people’s lives.
 Science that uses living things (or parts of
them, such as genes) to change other
living things to make products for human
use.
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What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology: is the science of using or
changing living things to improve or benefit
people’s lives.
 Science that uses living things (or parts of
them, such as genes) to change other living
things to make products for human use.
 Microorganism: (micro – very small)
organism = any living thing
very small organism
Selective breeding: two organisms with
desirable traits are mated to produce
offspring with those same desired traits.
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Vocabulary for unit
Ethics: morals
 Genetic engineering: change the DNA
of organisms
 Bioengineering: another term for
genetic engineering: the use of artificial
tissues, organs, or organ components to
replace damaged or absent parts of the
body, such as artificial limbs and heart
pacemakers.
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Vocabulary continued
Clone: an organism that is the exact
genetic match of another organism.
 Genetic Modification: changes the
genetic material of a living organism
 Bioremediation: (bio – living)
(remediation – process of fixing a
problem) – using living things to help fix
an environmental problem. Example:
bacteria eating up oil from an oil spill.
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Vocabulary continued
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Genes – passed from one to another: the instructions for all
traits.
Physical Traits – how an organism looks
Behavioral trait – are how an organism acts
Somatic cell – any cell in an organism other than a sperm or
egg cell.
Enucleate – remove the nucleus from the cell.
Specialized cells – As the embryo develops cells change and
then have specific jobs to do.
Unspecialized cells – cells in an embryo are the same: none
have a specific job as of yet.
Gene gun: machine that shoots gene-coated pellets through the
cells of a plan in order to introduce a new gene to that plant.
Undifferentiated cells: cells which have not become
specialized
Vocabulary from readings
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Herbicides - chemical s used to kill weeds that can
harm crops. Not selective and will kill other living
organisms.
Stem cells: unspecialized cells that make up the
embryo in its early stages of development
 Embryonic stem cells: Unspecialized cells n an
embryo that differentiate into most cell types of an
organism
 Adult stem cells: unspecialized cells that are found
in certain parts of an organism’s body and which are
used to maintain and repair the tissue in which they
are found.
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Vocabulary from reading cont.