Transcript Slide 1

Exam Review: March 9, 2010
50110Xm1Review.PPt
Updated: March 8, 2010
Intro501: Introduction to Cancer Biology
and to the Course
(501Intro.ppt)
Banding
pattern of
normal
metaphase
human
chromosomes
Figure 1.11a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Fluorescent in
situ
hybridization
(FISH) of
normal
metaphase
human
chromosomes
using
chromosome
specific DNA
probes with
different
fluorescent
dyes
Figure 1.11b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Aneuploid
karyotype of
human breast
cancer cell.
Note
“scrambling” of
colors
demonstrating
chromosomal
reciprocal
translocations
Figure 1.11c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intrachromosonal
inversion by
M-band
fluorescent in
situ
hybridization(
mFISH)
Figure 1.11d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cytoskeleton:
Actin
microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate
filaments
Figure 1.14a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intermediate
Filaments of
epithelial cell
(keratin) in
green
Plasma
membrane in
blue
Figure 1.14b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
3T3 Mouse
Fibroblast
attached to
fibronectin
extracellular
matrix by
integrin
receptors
Figure 1.14d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Clinical Presentation of Cancers
(Clinical.ppt)
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Figure 16.1b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 16.1a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 16.45a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Incidence of Various Kinds of Cancers in Men and Women as a Function of Age
See Figure 11.1, Cancer incidence at various ages for men and women. p. 400. Weinberg.
Note maximum incidence per 100,000 population at about age 70, then drop off after that age.
Serious incidence begins around age 35 except for breast cancer which can have an earlier onset
depending on genetics.
Figure 16.45c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 11.8b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 14.50a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 14.50b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Epidemiology of Cancers
(Epidemio.ppt)
Incidence of Burkitt’s Lymphoma in Relation to Infectious Disease Etiology:
Aedes simpsoni mosquito transmission vector for malaria
and Epstein Barr Virus co-infection
Figure 4.12 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cancer Incidence Following Migration
Figure 2.20 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 45
CigBooze
Definitions of Classifications of Cancer
(DefClass.ppt)
Normal Secretory & Ciliated Epithelial Cells
Figure 16-19, ECB, 1998, p. 528
Ciliated Epithelium of
Human Respiratory Tract
RespCilia
Prpgression in Neoplastic Development:
Weinberg, Chapter 11 on Multistep Tumorigenesis. Figure 11.7
Figure 11.7 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cancer Incidence 2002: 1,285,000. Cancer Deaths 555,000. 43% Death Rate
Cancer Incidence 2009: 1,479,000. Cancer Deaths 562,000. 38% Death Rate
Table 2.3 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 33
Hematopoiesis
(formation of blood cells)
Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
HematoAll
Pluripotent Stem Cell
and Lymphoid and
Myeloid Lineages
(Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
StemCell
Myeloid Stem Cell
Lymphoid Lineage
Fig 2-1 Kuby 4th Ed
p. 28
Myeloid
Lineage
(Kuby, Fig 2-1,
4th Ed., p. 28)
Myeloid
Disease Progression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
p. 293
Figure 8.32 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Model Systems in the Study of Cancers
(Models.ppt)
Comparisons of Two Primary
Cancers vs the Cancers
Propagated as Model Systems
Primary excised surgical tumor
pieces
Cancer Comparisons
Surgical specimens after 3 to 6
months growth sub-cutaneously in
SCID Mice
Prostate and colon cancer
cell lines propagated in vitro
and implanted
Figure 13.8 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 539
Cancer Model Systems In Vitro
(in Cell, Tissue, or Organ Culture)
Normal Cells in Culture
• Transformed Cells
Chemically
Virally
By Irradiation
• Neoplastic Cells from Animal Tumors
• Neoplastic Cells Cultured from Human
Cancers
CxVitro
Animal Tumor Models in Vivo
Source of the Tumor Challenge Cells
• Implanted Cultured Neoplastic Cells
• Transplanted from Donor Animals
Early vs Later Transplant Generations
• Induced in the Tumor-bearing Host
Animals
Spontaneous (by Genetic Selection)
Chemical, Viral, Radiation Induction
• Excised fromVeterinaryAnimals
AnimlCx1
Clinical Human Cancers as "Model" Systems
Advantages:
• The Closest "Model" to the Ultimate Goals
...The Best Model for Human Cancer
• Patient Feed-back and Cooperation
Limitations
• Unmatched, genetically unique subjects
• Powerful ethical limitations
• Patient Independence and Failure to Comply
• Prior or Concomitant Treatment
Video on Clinical Trials in Patients
A note on Experimental Cancer Therapy and
National Health-Care Policy –
Keith Olbermann, MSNBC Countdown, February 9, 2010
Properties of Cancer Cells and Tissues
(CellProp.ppt)
Senescence of Human Fibroblasts Passaged Beyond 60 Cell Doublings
In Cell Culture
Figure 10.2 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 359
Protective Effect of Telomeres on Chromosome Integrity
Telomeres* on normal cells
protect chromosome ends
* Telomeres labelled green by Fluorescence in situ
hybridization with DNA probe that recognizes
repeated nucleotide base sequence in telomeric DNA
p. 369
Cells with blocked telomere
formation show extensive
chromosme fusion leading to
cell death
Figure 10.11 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Note integrin signaling
12 Different Cellsignaling pathways
potentially containing
aberrant protein
components in 24
different patients with
pancreatic cancers.
From Science,
Sept. 26, 2008
Jones et al.
pp 1801-1806
Cancer Cell Heterogeneity
(Hetero.ppt)
Pleural
effusion,
non-small
cell lung
carcinoma
in a patient.
Heterogeneit
y in
chromosome
number and
in nuclear
size
Figure 11.19 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 422
Chromosome 11 is Blue-Green. Chromosome
17 is pink by FISH with DNA Probes
Progression in Cancer Initiation
and Development
(Progress. Ppt)
Progressive Steps in Neoplastic Cell Development:
Hyperplasia and Dysplasia
Progressive Steps in Neoplastic Cell Development:
Cancer In situ and Invasive Cancer
Situ&Invade
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG) in Progression in Colon Carcinoma
“DCC” Gene = Deleted in
Colon Carcinoma
“APC” = Adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Cancer suppressor gene)
“K-ras” = Oncogene activated, transduced, or mutated, first
identified in virally-induced rat sarcoma
p. 409
Figure 11.10 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Ras Pathway
Growth Factors
PMA
GAP
GTP
GRB2
Ras
SOS
P
Ras
GEF
GDP
P
P
CD-GEGII
PLC-ε
p120GAP
PI3K
RalGDS
P
Raf
Rac
Rap1A
Ral
GTP
P
p190-B
MEKs
PAKs
PLD
RalBP1
Rho
MEKK1
PLD
Pathway
ERKs
CDC42
P
Stress Fibers and
Focal Adhesions
JNKK
ERKs
JNK
JNK
Elk1
c-Jun
ATF2
c-Fos
Gene
Expression
C
2009
ProteinLounge.com
Figure 11.43 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
hTert = Telomerase catalytic subunit
p. 459
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