Transcript SI Bio 211
SI Bio 211 Thursday, December 11, 2008 Jenny F. Compare the growth rate to population doubling times. -What do these two terms tell us? -Do they share the same trend? What is the carrying capacity? What impacts do humans have due to increasing population size? What is net primary productivity? How do humans use NPP? • Describe what we know about number of species. – How many are there? – How many are estimated? – Are we still discovering new phyla, species, etc.? True or false: 1. Humans are monopolizing Earth’s resources 2. Humans haven’t altered the atmosphere 3. It is very likely that humans have decreased species extinction rates. 4. The climate is changing. 5. Natural species and ecosystems directly benefit human societies in many ways. Review for the Final #1 Compare/contrast logistic and exponential growth curves. #2 What is the difference between bilateral and radial symmetry? Give an animal example for each type of symmetry. #3 Are sponges considered “parazoan” or “eumetazoan”? What do these two terms mean? #4 What are the three embryonic tissue layers? #5 What is the “mantle” in the Mollusca Phylum? #6 What is the only mollusc that has a closed circulatory system? #7 What are the three main body parts of the mollusk? #8 What is the only fungi with uniflagellated zoospores? #9 What is the extinct group of arthropods? #10 Name the four chordate characterstics and describe each. #11 Differentiate between an ectotherm and endotherm. #12 What is mycorrhizae? #13 What type of organisms are members of Phylum Ctenophora? #14 What are adaptations that allow for flight? #15 Describe the following phylums… • Annelida • Arthropoda • Cnidaria • Echinodermata • Mollusca • Nematoda • Platyhelminthes • Rotifera • Ctenophora • Ecdysozoa- (nematoda and arthropoda) • Chordata #16 What are the three classes in phylum annelida? Describe each. #17 What are monotremes? #18 What are marsupials? #19 What type of fish is the most numerous that is extant? #20 What is the type of reproduction in which females alone can produce an entire population? #21 What are 3 groups in the Bilateria divergence? #22 What two divergences occur in Eumetazoa? #23 What are fungi cell walls composed of? #24 Yeasts are categorized in which two phyla? #25 If you cross AaBb X AaBb what genotypic ratio do you get? #26 Who concluded that there is a particulate nature to inherited information? #27 Polygenic inheritance includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) Not expressed as a discrete character b) Controlled by a single gene c) Many traits governed by the cumulative effect of many genes d) Traits typically are expressed as continuous variation #28 Which of the following does NOT prove the theory of evolution? a. Distribution of species b. The fossil record c. The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics d. The variety of finches in the Galapagos Islands #29 What function does the plasma membrane have? #30 What is incomplete dominance? #31 Mitosis and meiosis begin with a ____ cell and result in ____ cells and _____ cells, respectively. (for the second two blanks you need number of cells and haploid or diploid) #32 What is one (incorrect) idea that prevailed before the Theory of Evolution? #33 Name the stages of mitosis in order. #34 What is cytokinesis? #35 What is natural selection? #36 Do individuals evolve? Why or why not? #37 Does evolution act on phenotype or genotype? #38 What is a species? #39 What is a population? #40 What is the gene pool? #41 What is the cell theory? #42 What is the bottleneck effect? #43 What two processes can result in genetic variation within a population? #44 What is a niche? Compare a fundamental niche with a realized niche. #45 Compare/contrast and give examples of primary and secondary succession. #46 An individual with genotype AaBBCcDd can make how many different kinds of gametes? a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 16 e) 32 Note: this is not the exact same question that was on your test #47 In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). In a cross of true-breeding tall yellow peas X dwarf green peas, what proportion of the progeny are tall with yellow trees? a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100% #48 A doctor is examining a culture of bacteria he recently took from a patient. The bacterium is rod-shaped. Which of the following is a possibility for the organism he is looking at? a) Lactobacillus b) Streptococcus c) Saccharospirilum d) Influenza #49 Related families are grouped into the next-highest taxon called a: a) Class b)Phylum c) Order d) Genus e) Kingdom #50 Describe the following biomes: - Tundra - Taiga - Temperate forest - Chaparral #51 Compare headwaters, middle reaches, and downstream reaches. #52 Compare the terms “oligotrophic” and “mesotrophic” #53 What is a trait? #54 What is a test cross? #55 Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation. #56 Which two of the three domains are most closely related to one another than either is to the third? a) Bacteria and Archaea b) Archaea and Eukarya c) Eukarya and Bacteria #57 Genetic variation in prokaryotes may be a result of: a. Horizontal gene transfer b. Transduction c. Conjugation d. Transformation e. All of the above #58 What theory involves the idea that mitochondria were originally aerobic heterotrophic bacteria? a. Endosymbiotic theory b. Cell theory c. Germ theory d. Mitochondrial theory #59 Describe: • Dinoflagellates • Ciliates • Diatoms • Foraminiferans #60 In plants, ________ is where eggs are formed. a. Antheridium b. Archaea c. Archegonium d. Archaeophytes #61 Which domain are protists a member of? a. Bacteria b. Prokaryotes c. Archaea d. Eukaryotes e. Both a and b #62 What domain(s) are fungi a member of from the answer choices above? #63 Compare conjugation, transduction, and transformation. #64 What is a plasmid? #65 T/F Both sponges and large sharks are filter feeders. #66 What is a swim bladder and what type of animals is it present in? #67 What is coevolution? #68 What is mimicry? #69 T/F a) Humans and apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor b) Humans evolved from new world monkeys c) Humans have stopped evolving and now represent the pinnacle of evolution d) Humans evolved from chimpanzees e) Humans and apes are the result of disruptive selection in a species of gorilla #70 From which group did snakes most likely descend from? #71 Describe class Cestoda (tapeworms). #72 What are hyphae and mycelium? How are they related to one another? #73 What body coverings are made up of keratin? #74 What aspect of the life cycle do ascomycetes derive their name?