Transcript Organic Compounds pp

Organic Compounds
Organic compounds can be formed
by living material and also in the lab.
Carbon
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Compounds found in organisms
consist mainly of CARBON atoms
that are joined together and
arranged in chains or rings.
Carbon’s electrons
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Carbon has 4 electrons in it’s
outermost energy level
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It can make 4 covalent bonds with
other Carbon atoms or other
elements.
Carbon can form single, double, and
triple bonds
Monomers
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Carbon atoms bond to form simple
molecules called monomers
Monomers join to form complex
molecules called polymers
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Polymers are chains of similar
monomers linked together
Condensation Reaction
(Dehydration Synthesis)
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Monomers link to form polymers
through a chemical reaction called
condensation reaction or
dehydration synthesis.
Monomers join by releasing water
Polymers are broken down by
hydrolysis
Carbohydrates
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Made of – C, H, O
Monomer – Monosaccharide
Polymer – Polysaccharides such as:

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Starches and Cellulose
Tests :
Monomers (Glucose)– Bennedict’s with
heat turns
orange
Polymer (Starch) – Lugols (iodine) turns
dark blue
Uses - Energy
Proteins
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Made of – C, H, O, N
Monomer – Amino acid
Polymer – Polypeptide
Tests : Biuret’s – Turns purple
Uses – Enzymes, Structural, Defense,
Receptors
Lipids
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Made of – C, H, O,
Monomer – Fatty acid
Polymer – Lipid
Tests : Brown paper bag – grease spots
Uses – Insulation and cellular membranes
Nucleic Acids
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Made of – C, H, O, N, P
Monomer – Nucleotide
Polymer – DNA and RNA
Tests : None
Uses – Carries genetic information