Transcript Renaissance

The
Renaissance
1300s to 1600s
Renaissance: “Rebirth” 1300s to 1500s
Reasons Why the Renaissance Happened
1) Crusades - Contact with Arab civilization.
 Books of ancient Greece & Rome rediscovered.
 Chemistry, medicine and gunpowder
 2) Black Death – Smaller population creates
oportunity
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 Calls
Church leadership into question
3) Marco Polo - Trade brings luxuries & new ideas.
 4) Universities - New ideas lead to questions.
 Even the Church!
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Humanism: Belief in the power of the human mind.
o Don’t
have to wait for God to provide answers.
o Humans can answer and question.
New thinking happens first in…
Italian city-states: Florence, Venice, Pisa,
Genoa, and Rome.
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Cities rich from trade.
Cities war and compete in all things.
Wealthy families sponsor artists.
European creativity is unleashed.
Renaissance Ideas Spread to Northern Europe.
Middle Ages Art
 No perspective
 No proportion
 Many religious themes.
 Shows how central
religion was.
Renaissance Art
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Everyday scenes.
More realistic.
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance inventor, painter and sculptor.
*1452-1519 mostly in Florence.
*One of the greatest minds in history.
* wrote backwards to confuse spies from other cities
* sketched helicopters, machine guns, submarines, and tanks
* incredible sketches of the human body and its workings
* one sketch recently sold for 11 million dollars at auction
“The Last Supper” – da Vinci
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Da Vinci’s Last
Supper restored!
15’ by 30’ on the wall
of an Italian church.
Moment Jesus tells
disciples “One of you
will betray me.”
Mona Lisa –
* most valuable painting in
the world by da Vinci.
• Woman is unknown.
• Perhaps a self-portrait
of Leonardo as a
woman?
Michelangelo – 1475–1564 A.D.
Sculptor, painter worked in
Florence and Rome for the
Popes.
David: most famous
sculpture of
Michelangelo.
Bibilical King who
killed Goliath.
Pieta: Mary holding
the dead Jesus after
the crucifixion
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Renaissance Popes didn’t want left out of the competition between the
merchant cities for the great artists. Popes sponsored many artists to
decorate their churches and palaces.
Popes also had St. Peter’s cathedral rebuilt into the magnificent
St. Peter’s Basilica – (1570) Renaissance Church in Vatican City, Rome.
Commemorates the spot of St. Peter’s burial. Peter a.k.a. “The Rock”
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Pope hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel –
Biblical scenes from the Old Testament. Masterpieces.
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Spent four years painting. Much of it on his back many feet above the floor.
Recently cleaned to reveal true splendor.
Most famous scene: God creating Adam.
God Creating Adam:
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Donatello
Great Renaissance
sculptor in Florence,
Italy 1386-1466 A.D.
Considered the founder
of modern sculpture.
Raphael
His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease
of composition, and visual achievement of the
Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
William Shakespeare
Greatest English, possibly
human playwright ever.
Lived from 1564-1616 A.D.
 Ideas from the stories of
ancient Rome and English
history.
 Most famous worksRomeo and Juliet, Macbeth,
Hamlet, and Julius Caesar.
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Famous quotes from Shakespeare!
“To be or not to be that is the question.”
 “All that glitters is not gold”
 “O Romeo, Romeo wherefore art thou Romeo?”
 “All the world’s a stage…”
 “Parting is such sweet sorrow…”
 “Beware the Ides of March.”
 “Then the world is my oyster”
 “A plague on both your houses”
 “Cowards die many times before their deaths”
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Niccolo Machiavelli -1469 -1527 in Florence, Italy.
Lived his life for politics and patriotism. Associated
with corrupt, totalitarian government because of a
pamphlet he wrote called The Prince.
“A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his
promise.”
“Hatred is gained as much by good works as by evil.”
It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be
both.
“Politics have no relation to morals.”
“The first method for estimating the intelligence of a
ruler is to look at the men he has around him.”
"The end justifies the means."
"Men in general judge more from appearances than
from reality. All men have eyes, but few have the gift of
penetration."
"I desire to go to Hell, not to Heaven. In Hell I shall
enjoy the company of popes, kings and princes, but in
Heaven are only beggars, monks, hermits and
apostles."
Copernicus 1473-1543 Polish astronomer
Heliocentric universe: the
sun-centered universe. The
Earth revolves around the sun.
Theory? did not get a lot of
attention and ideas were
ignored.
Some insisted theory was fact
and were burned by the Church.
Ptolemaic/Aristotelian View of
Universe. Endorsed by Medieval
Catholic Church. Earth Centered!
Copernican view of the universe.
Sun centered!
Galileo
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– 1564-1642
Disproved many of Aristotle’s theories such
as the heavier an object is the faster it falls.
Improved on the telescope. Discovered
moons of Jupiter and mountains on the moon.
Wrote vigorously in support of Copernicus’
theory! Said it was a FACT. The Earth moved
around the sun!
Catholic Church condemned him. Moving the
earth from the center of the universe made the
earth, God’s greatest creation, less great, less
perfect. Galileo recanted under threat of
torture by the Inquisition.
Spent the remainder of his life 12 years under
house arrest by the Church.