Transcript Protein Synthesis Lab

Protein Synthesis Lab
How Proteins Are Constructed
The Central Dogma of Molecular
Biology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
nontemplate strand
5'
3'
A
G
G
G
A
C
C
C
C
T
C
G
C
T
G
G
G
G
DNA
3'
5'
transcription
in nucleus
template strand
5'
mRN
3'
A
G
G
codon 1
translation
at ribosome
A
C
C
C
codon 2
O
N
polypeptide
G
C
C
codon 3
O
N
C
C
O
N
C
R1
R2
R3
Serine
Aspartate
Proline
C
2
Types of RNA
 RNA is a polymer of RNA nucleotides
 RNA Nucleotides are of four types: Uracil,
Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine
 Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) of DNA
 Types of RNA
 Messenger (mRNA) - Takes genetic message
from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm
 Ribosomal (rRNA) - Makes up ribosomes which
read the message in mRNA
 Transfer (tRNA) - Transfers appropriate amino
acid to ribosome when “instructed”
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Transcription
 Gene unzips and exposes unpaired bases
 Serves as template for mRNA formation
 RNA nucleotides bind to exposed DNA
bases using the C=G & A=U rule
 Entire gene is transcribed into mRNA
 Base sequence in mRNA is
complementary to the base sequence in
DNA
4
Transcription
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
5'
C
C
G
A
T
A
T
nontemplate
strand
template
strand
3'
A
C
G
C
G
G
A
G
RNA
polymerase
DNA
template
strand
mRNA
transcript
C
A
T
C
T
G
A
5'
3'
to RNA processing
5
Animation
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6
Translation
 tRNA molecules bring amino acids to
the ribosome
 Ribosome reads a codon in the mRNA
 Anticodon complementary to the mRNA
codon
 Joins the ribosome at A site
 Methionine connected to amino acid of
2nd tRNA by peptide bond
 Stop codon halts process
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12.14
12.16
Animation
Please note that due to differing
operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.