Transcript Biogeochemical cycles (1).doc

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
3-3
See a video clip about
CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
ENERGY & MATTER
Energy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only
transformed.
Take a deep breath.
The atoms you just
inhaled may have been
inhaled by a dinosaur
millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the
body in most organisms
OXYGEN
CARBON
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around
again and again within the biosphere in
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
___________________________
WATER CYCLE
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
= ___________________
http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the
building blocks of cells
________________________:
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies
protons (H+) & electrons
photosynthesis
for_______________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
SOLVENT
Water is a good _________________
Many molecules dissolve in water so it
provides a place for chemical reactions
to happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps
with
HOMEOSTASIS
__________________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WATER CYCLE
evaporation
condensation
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant
leaves
TRANSPIRATION
= ________________
The return of water to
the surface in the form of
rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
PRECIPITATION
= ____________________
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
PH ONLINE LINK
Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
CARBON CYCLE
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
4 main CARBON reservoirs
in BIOSPHERE
1.In ____________
atmosphere as CO2 gas
ocean as dissolved CO2 gas
2.In _______
land
3.On _______
in organisms, rocks, soil
Underground as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and
4.__________
calcium carbonate in rocks
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
Volcanic activity
1.________________
Human activity (burning fossil fuels)
2.______________
Cellular respiration
3._________________
Decomposition of dead organisms
4.____________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
BLOCKS of cells:
Found in all the BUILDING
_______________
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for
GLUCOSE production during
__________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
__________________...
the fuel that all living things depend on.
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3and NO2-
NH3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS NITROGEN
IMPORTANT?
NITROGEN BASES
__________________make
DNA and RNA
ATP
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______
amino acids (proteins)
Makes AMINO part of _________
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
79% of the atmosphere is made
up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
CAN’T
BUT we _____
use the nitrogen gas
we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is so
strong it can only be broken by
lightning
_______________
Volcanic activity
_______________
few special bacteria
____________________
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
in the soil
Bacteria that live ______________
symbiotic
and in _________
relationships with
legumes
plants called _________,
take
nitrogen from the atmosphere and
AMMONIA (NH3)
turn it into ______________,
a form
that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
NITROGEN FIXATION
_________________
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Other bacteria in the soil convert
- )
NITRATES
(NO
3
ammonia into ________________
-)
&
NITRITES
(NO
2
& _________________
which plants can also use.
The nitrogen we need for proteins,
ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
WE EAT
the FOOD
___________
NOT THE AIR
___________
we breathe!
Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg
and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif
modified by Riedell
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3and NO2-
NH3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
in the soil
Bacteria that live ______________
also carry out the reverse process
NITRATES
& NITRITES
NITROGEN GAS
___________ → _____________
.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
DENITRIFICATION
_________________
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Producers absorb
phosphate from
soil and water
Weathering wears
away rocks and
sediments and
releases phosphate
into soil and water
Sediments form “new land”
to complete cycle
Phosphate moves
through food web
Phosphate returns to
soil and water from
waste or decomposition
Phosphorus cycle
is only biogeochemical
cycle that does
NOT cycle through the
atmosphere
______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS
IMPORTANT?
Makes DNA and RNA
Transfers energy as ATP
Makes phospholipids for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to
one another and the environment.
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that
can cause changes in stability of populations,
communities, and ecosystems.
•
•
Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches
and symbiotic relationships.
Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Dormancy and migration
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)
Biogeochemical cycles
Energy flow
Cooperation and competition in ecosystems
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another
and the environment.
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can
cause changes in stability of populations, communities,
and ecosystems.
• Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic
relationships.
• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)
Energy flow
Core High School
Life/Earth Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
High school students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles
High school students
performing at the
BASIC level:
given pictorial representations of the H20 and C
cycles explain how elements and compounds move
between living and nonliving systems
describe one factor that may affect global climate
predict how life systems respond to changes in
the environment;
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living
and non-living systems;
describe how various factors may affect global
climate;
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another
and the environment.
9-12.L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can
cause changes in stability of populations, communities,
and ecosystems.
• Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter)
Biogeochemical cycles
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE EARTH SCIENCE STANDARDS
Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes
of the Earth system.
9-12.E.1.1. Students are able to explain how elements and
compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.
• Diagram and describe the N, C, O and H2O cycles.
• Describe the importance of the N, C, O and H2O cycles to life
on this planet.
Examples: water cycle including evaporation, cloud
formation, condensation.
SOUTH DAKOTA
ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
EARTH SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes
of the Earth system.
9-12.E.1.1.A Students are able to explain how elements and
compounds cycle between living and non-living systems.
• Diagram and describe the P, S, and Ca cycles.
Core High School Earth Science
Performance Descriptors
High school
students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
High school
students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles;
predict how human activity may change the land, ocean,
and atmosphere of Earth.
High school
students
performing at the
BASIC level
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and
non-living systems;
give an example of human activity that changes the land,
ocean, or atmosphere of Earth.
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and
non-living systems;
explain how human activity changes the land, ocean,
and atmosphere of Earth.
IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm
Paint image by Riedell
Paint image by Riedell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.html
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://classes.kumc.edu/som/bioc801/lectures/images/mem01-08.gif
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_nucleus.html
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
http://www.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/~anatomy2/BON/1016A03.jpg
http://www.carolguze.com/text/102-19-tissuesorgansystems.shtml
http://academic.pg.cc.md.us/~aimholtz/AandP/206_ONLINE/Immune/Innate_Images/cilia.jpg
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147b.gif
http://www.proctitispages.force9.co.uk/
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/fungus/fungus.html
http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/
http://bestanimations.com
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/homepage.htm
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm