Transcript 1. dia

The Renaissance
in
Hungary
The term Renaissance, literally means "rebirth" and is the period
in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages.
It focused in not only wars, but knowledge: philosphy and all
kind of arts. It is also called „Humanism”.
The Italian Renaissance had strong influence in Hungary. Many artists and
statesmans learned in Italy:
Vitéz János
(Archbishop of Esztergom)
Garázda Péter
(poet)
During the reign of King Mathias (1458-1492), this influence became
stronger. He was educated in Italian, and his second wife was Beatrix of
Naples.
Mathias was a real renaissance person, a fighting king (against
the Ottomans), whose court was full of artists, and scientists:
Antonio Bonfini
historian
Johannes Regiomontanus
astronomer
Andrea Verrochio
sculptor, painter
but not only with Italians:
Hess András
typographer
Janus Pannonius
poet
Heltai Gáspár
writer
After Mathias, the fight against the Ottomans got higher priority, while in
1526 the Hungarian troops were defeated, and the country was diveded
into three parts.
This diversificated state
remained until the end of the
XVII. century, what was late after
the end of renaissance.
Architecture
Mathias built and renewed several castles in Italian style:
The castle of Buda
The Royal castle of Visegrád
The Italian influence was strong after Mathias too:
Fire-tower in Sopron
Mathias church in Buda
Bakócz chapel
in Esztergom (1519)
Thurzó-house in Lőcse
Lorántffy – loggia
Sárospatak
We have buildings from the Ottoman region either:
Mosque of Jakováli Hasszan
In Pécs
The building of the
Rudas Thermal Bath
In Budapest
Painting
The Hungarian painters were educated on the the Italian renaissance too. Several
Italian painters worked in Hunagry (Masolino , Verrocchio etc.) and the Hungarians
went to Italy just like
Pannóniai Mihály
(Michele Pannonio)
Master M S (XVI.cent.)
or the painter known
only by his initials
Ceres on thorne
(1450-1460)
Maria visits Elizabeth
The court of Mathias was well known by his Corvinas. King Mathias had one of the
biggest library of his age, about 2000 – 2500 highly decorated codexes.
Literature
Janus Pannonius (1434-1472), the Humanist poet, developed the poetic genres of
Renessaince in Hungary in the 15th century. The poetry of Janus Pannonius can be
characterized by some of his own lines: ‘Look around and don’t forget to be a true son
of the present.’ The main theme of the poetry was not God or Heaven, but
man and his natural surroundings. The life-work of Janus
Pannonius is important in Hungarian literature; he explored
and described the beauties of landscape and the problems
of the emotional life for the first time in our literary culture.
Bálint Balassi (1554-1594) by universal agreement, the first major Hungarian
poet. His poetry signals the maturity of the Hungarian language as a full-fledged
medium of literary expression, on a par with the other languages of XVI. century
Europe. Balassi made a unique contribution to Hungarian poetry: he invented the
'Balassi stanza.' Its basic structure, which he
occasionally varies, is 6-6-7
syllables with an
[aab/ccb/ddb/eeb] rhyming
scheme.
Sculptures
The Italian influence can be seen in the
most famous renaissance sculpture in
Hungary: the Hercules-well from
Mathias’s palace in Visegrád
or in the Báthory Madonna
(1526)
what could be above the entry of a temple or a
chapel.
Not the Italian was the only style which was known in Hungary:
Christ’s farewell to his mother
(1520-1530)
Reuber János’s grave statue
(1584)
They both shows the signs of the Northern Renaissance (Austrian –
German) manner.
Music
The most famous Hungarian court musician was Bakfark Bálint (1507-1576). He was
the lutenist of the Hungarian and later the Polish King, and travelled France and Italy
where he remained until his death during the plague of 1576.
But music was not just for the court; the best example is
Tinódi Lantos Sebestyén
(~1510-1556)
He served as a soldier, but after a serious wound, became an
epic –poet. He put his poems to music and performed them
to the accompaniment of a lute, which lead to his nickname,
"Lantos" - the lute-player. His songs became important
chronicles of the events of that age.