Transcript Chapter 9.2 - greinerudsd

Yeast Lab Questions
•
1. What observations and results did you obtain for the yeast lab?
– What substances were contained in the test tubes that had balloons inflate?
– What substances were contained in the test tubes that did not have balloons inflate?
• 2. Why do you think some balloons were inflated while others were not?
• 3. What was going on in terms of respiration with the yeast?
– Was this anaerobic respiration (fermentation) or aerobic respiration? Explain.
– What type of fermentation was this process? Explain.
– What substances were used during this process? (reactants)
– What substances were made during this process? (products)
• 4. What substance was being produced that ultimately caused the
balloons to inflate?
• 5. What do you think would happen if you let the reaction occur for an
hour?
Chapter 9.2
The Krebs Cycle and Electron
Transport
Glycolysis Review
• Glycolysis is the process of taking one molecule
of glucose and breaking it down into 2 molecules
of pyruvic acid
–  2 ATP are needed to start the reaction
–  2 ATP and 2 NADH are netted
–  Occurs in the cytoplasm
• When glycolysis is over, the presence of oxygen
is determined
– If no  anaerobic respiration
– If yes  aerobic respiration
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
Kreb’s Cycle
•  Pyruvic Acid loses a carbon atom in the
form of carbon dioxide
– Forms a 2-carbon molecule
•  Produces a NADH
•  This 2-carbon molecule will bind with
Co-enzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA
• This molecule can now enter the Kreb’s cycle
Kreb’s Cycle
• During the Kreb’s cycle, pyruvic acid is
broken down into carbon dioxide in a
series of energy-extracting reactions
Also known as the citric acid cycle
Occurs in the inter mitochondrial space matrix
Mitochondria
inter mitochondrial
space = between 2
membranes
Kreb’s Cycle
• The Kreb’s Cycle will go through once for each
one molecule of pyruvic acid
Cycle goes through twice per 1 molecule of sugar
• Products:
–  8 NADH
–  2 FADH2 – electron carrier
–  2 ATP
• Used for cellular activities
–  6 carbon dioxides
• Exhaled out
Electrons are
moved to the
ETC
Electron Transport Chain: Overview
• Electrons from the electron carriers (NADH &
FADH2) are sent through a series of molecules
to create  32 ATP
The electrons, once at the end of the chain, will
attach to hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms to
form water
Occurs on the inner membrane of the
mitochondria - cristae
Electron Transport Chain: Details
• NADH & FADH2 carry high energy electrons to
ETC
• Flow of electrons along ETC causes  pumping
of H+ into intermembrane space
• H+ builds up
• H + diffuses out through  ATP synthase
– ADP and P join to form ATP
• Electrons at end of ETC join  H+ and O2 to
make  H2O
–  Oxygen acts as the “final electron acceptor”
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
Energy and Exercise
•  Cells normally contain small amounts of ATP
produced by glycolysis and cellular respiration
– Only enough for a few seconds of activity
• For activities that are “quick”
Once this is used up, muscles get their energy from lactic acid
fermentation
• For activities that are “longer distance”
–  Stored energy in the muscles (a sugar called
glycogen) will break down
• Lasts for about 20-30 minutes
• Then the body will break down other energy containing
molecules like fat
Review Questions
• 1. Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
• 2. What are the steps for the Krebs cycle starting with
pyruvic acid?
• 3. What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
• 4. What is the electron transport chain and how is it used
to produce ATP?
• 5. What acts as the final electron acceptor for the
electron transport chain?
• 6. How does your body store energy for exercise?
Cellular Respiration Videos
• Cellular Respiration Ninja Enzymes (4:15)
• Cellular Respiration Song (5:22)
• Cellular Respiration with People & Playground (3:15)
• Cellular Respiration with Signs (3:33)
• Cellular Respiration Rap (2:55)
Cellular Respiration Animations
• Krebs Cycle: Part 1
• Krebs Cycle: Part 2
• Electron Transport Chain: Part 1
• Electron Transport Chain: Part 2
• Electron Transport Animation (1:59)