Transcript 2105Lecture 6c powerpoint

Lecture 6c
10 Feb. 2014
Acute diseases
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute glomerulonephritides
Acute human immunodeficiency
Acute renal failure
Acute tubular necrosis
Bacterial and viral infections
Allergic reactions and food intolerances
These topics discussed in terms of :
-Pathology
-nutritional intervention
-nutraceuticals
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
-Pathology
-infection e.g. pneumonia
-usually caused by anorexia, fatigue, malaise
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
-nutritional intervention
-avoid high glucose loads as this aggravates
infection
-nasogastic feeding but problem if misplace
tube
-parenteral feeding avoids misplaced tube
-nutritional supplementation of antioxidant
minerals important
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
-nutraceuticals
none found
Acute glomerulonephritides
-Pathology
-brought on by a variety of kidney diseases
-inflammation of capillary loops of glomerulus
-blood in urine
-hypertension
-temporary loss of renal function
-nutritional intervention
maintain good nutritional status
-nutraceuticals
none found
Acute human immunodeficiency virus
-Pathology
-6-7 weeks after infection before detection
-rapid replication of virus
-fever, malaise, headache, sometimes rash
-nutritional intervention
maintain good nutritional status
-nutraceuticals
none found
Acute renal failure
Pathology
sudden reduction of glomerular filtration rate
-due to inadequate renal perfusion
-diseases of renal parenchyma
-renal obstruction
Acute renal failure
-nutritional intervention
total parenteral nutrition since patient is
usually unable to eat initially
due to physiological stress protein intake must
be increased
Acute renal failure
-nutritional intervention
-preferred mix is glucose (high intake), lipids
(high intake) and mixture of essential
and non-essential amino acids
-this reduces protein catabolism (protein
sparing) and urea production
-balance fluid and electrolyte intake with
output
-nutraceuticals
none found
Acute tubular necrosis
-Pathology
- due to renal ischemia
-nutritional intervention
-as in acute renal failure
-nutraceuticals
-none found
Bacterial and viral infections
-Pathology
-microbial entry by respiratory or touch
-elicits immune response
-nutritional intervention
-eating in accordance with the principles of
adequacy , balance, moderation, energy control
variety and nutrient density to supply sufficient
nutrients to facilitate maximal immune
response
Bacterial and viral infections
-nutraceuticals
vitamin C ~ 2 g per day
-said to reduce the duration and severity of
symptoms of common cold
-this is controversial
-mechanism is not clear- interesting that
vitamin C is an antioxidant yet part of
immune response is to spew free radicals to
suppress infection
Allergic reactions and food intolerances
-Pathology
-allergy
-food protein or other molecular
entity seen as foreign to body
elicts immune response
-food intolerance-inability of body to digest,
absorb, transport, utilise or
excrete a food component
Allergic reactions and food intolerances
-nutritional intervention
-avoid offending food component
-read labels
-substitute non offending agents
eg sugar for phenylalanine
Allergic reactions and food intolerances
nutraceuticals
-if solve or substitute for offending agent
eg lactaid for lactose intolerance
eg cyclamate or sucralose
for phenylalanine